A Brief Description of the Concept of Courtly Love

For a brief description of the concept of â€Å"courtly love†, a few characteristics must be highlighted. Courtly love appeared in Provence (southern France) in the eleventh century. It consists on the expression of love in its most sincere, chivalric and noble form. It tended to be chaste and adulterous. It was also secret and, in general, always took place between the members of the higher classes of society. Andreas Capellanus defines it in The Art of Courtly Love as â€Å"the pure love which binds together the hearts of two lovers with every feeling of delight. This kind consists on the contemplation of the mind and the affection of the heart; it goes as far as the kiss and the embrace and the modest contact with the nude lover, omitting the final solace, for that is not permitted for those who wish to love purely. [†¦] That is called mixed love which gets its effect from every delight of the flesh and culminates in the final act of Venus† (p.122). In Capellanu s’ definition, it seems to me, that the previous elements mentioned are placed out of the game of love, as long as we consider courtly love to be expressed by the total submission of a young man towards his lady. The fulfilment of the souls in courtly love can rarely be obtained, because there is no equality in the relationship of the individuals. The lover’s love is immanently pure, genuine in essence, but the beloved is usually characterized as unachievable because her self is so perfect that there is not much the lover canShow MoreRelated Francescas Style in Canto V of Dantes Inferno Essay5060 Words   |  21 Pagesis a confession that serves only as a sign that identifies and seals their eternal fates. The brief and compressed description of Minos and his  «offizio » would suggest that this confession of the sinners is largely a formal requirement full of sound and fury signifying only the level of their eternal degradation. Minos is not caught up in the sinne rs confessions, and, indeed, Dantes concise description of the entire process of confession and judgment ( «dicono e odono e poi son già ¹ volte », v. 15)Read MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 Pages(he may have a commitatus, or group of noble followers with whom he grew up), he undertakes a task that no one else dare attempt. 6.Whatever virtues his race most prizes, these, the epic hero as a cultural exemplar, possesses in abundance. 7.The concept of arà ªte (Greek for bringing virtue to perfection) is crucial to understanding the epic protagonist. 8.The hero gains little honor by slaying a lesser mortal, but only by challenging heroes like himself or adversaries of superhuman power. 9.TheRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagessnouts toward the rim of the hills, the planes raked the underbrush with gunfire. †¢ ..and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. -Abraham Lincoln 11. aubade: a poem about dawn; a morning love-song; or a poem about the parting of lovers at dawn 12. ballad: a song, transmitted orally, which tells a story. Usually narrator begins with a climactic or traumatic episode, tells the story tersely by means of action and dialogue and tells it withoutRead MoreWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 PagesWho Goes With Fergus This poem is about the dichotomy of the thinker and the actor. Yeats, in love with Maud Gonne, was the thinker, the courtly lover -- the one who would brood upon loves bitter mystery. Yeats was Mr. Nice Guy. Yet Yeats wanted to be the actor - the alpha male - the Fergus. Note the sexualized subtext that permeates the poem, who will pierce the deep woods woven shade? Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in the

Poverty And Hunger And Achieving Universal Primary...

Last Decade governments and high ranking officials from across the globe came together under the magnanimous principles of The Universal Declaration of Human rights giving birth to the millennium development goals.The 8 goals and 21 targets capture ambitious promises such as eradicating poverty and hunger and achieving universal primary education by 2015. (UN.org) Yet with just a few months away from the deadline this historic chapter will close in tragedy.The setting for this tragic tale is Sub-Saharan Africa where 50 million children and youth still remain out-of-school.Despite extraordinary progress in enrollment stark disparities still remain. Poor children across the region are victims of an insidious â€Å"lottery of life† where the family they are born into means everything and nothing. (efa governance matters)For a poor child born into poverty the chances of that child finishing school once they start are slim, and if that child happens to be female she can only dream of what it’s like inside a classroom. Experts have declared Africa’s education crisis a state of emergency as dangerously low completion rates, and poor learning achievement have left an indelible stain on educational goals. Africa’s education crisis is a result strong socio-economic and cultural barriers which have created major stumbling blocks in both access to education and learning outcomes.Consequently millions of of children and youth are being robbed of their futures. (EFA WhyShow MoreRelatedThe Indian Population are Living in Severy Poverty860 Words   |  3 Pagesconfronts to meet the MDGs in India. The authors revealed that India would attain some of eight goals like reducing extreme poverty and would miss many of others like reducing hunger, reducing infant mortality rate, achieving environmental sustainability. Indian population living in severe poverty has been diminishing sharply since economic reforms started in 1991. The headcount povert y rate in 2015 would be less than half of the rate in 1990, as called for by the Millennium Development Goals. The proportionRead MoreObjectives Of The Millennium Development Goals1478 Words   |  6 Pagesextreme poverty in many dimensions. The Millennium development Goals has drawn attention to 191 countries with eight international development goals in order to cutting the amount of extreme poverty worldwide in half within a set of time on 2015. The MDGs contain the goals of extreme poverty in income, education, gender equality, hunger, disease and environmental sustainability. The eight goals are focus on different section the eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary educationRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals Been A Success? Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesCount: 1488 Words In the year 2000, at the Millennium Summit of the United Nations every member state of the UN at the time agreed to help in achieving eight goals that targeted areas such as poverty, education, gender equality, disease and more. Each goal had its own specific targets as well as dates for achieving those targets. Since many of the goals expire on December 31, 2015 (McArthur, 2013) it has come up in recent times on whether these goals have been a success. ThisRead MoreFar Cry from Where We Want to Be but Were on the Right Path1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthe serious issues, such as extreme poverty and hunger that had been plaguing third world countries and the less fortunate, had officially been brought to light and must be dealt with. These issues were compiled and formed the basis of what is known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Eight goals that the United Nations Millennium Campaign have set out to achieve by 2015, which include; â€Å"Eradication of extreme poverty and h unger, universal primary education, gender equality and female empowermentRead MoreReferral Services And Health Education1400 Words   |  6 PagesPre-School Education †¢ Nutrition and Health Education Adolescent Girls (11-18 Yrs) †¢ Health Check-up’s †¢ Deworming †¢ Referral Services †¢ Take Home Ratio’s. †¢ Non-Formal Education, focus on vocational and home based †¢ Nutrition and Health Education Pregnant Women †¢ Immunisation †¢ Health Check-up’s †¢ Referral Services †¢ Take Home Ratio’s. †¢ Nutrition and Health Education Nursing Mothers †¢ Immunisation †¢ Health Check-up’s †¢ Referral Services †¢ Take Home Ratio’s. †¢ Nutrition and Health Education All WomenRead MoreFeeding America840 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Feeding America Persuasive Speech Introduction to Communications Topic: Hunger in America Purpose: To persuade my audience to feed people in America that are less fortunate than we are. Thesis Statement: The number of American that does not have food to eat due to job loss, the economy, and other reasons are constantly growing. If we stuck together and helped one another, we could make that number that is constantly growing, decline. I. Introduction We see homeless people everyRead MoreMillennium Development Goals (Mdg)688 Words   |  3 PagesThe Declaration demanded that the world set its sights higher and aim for eight specific goals, most of which were to be achieved by 2015. What subsequently came to be known as the MDGs are - 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. Achieve universal primary education. 3. Promote gender equality and empower woman. 4. Reduce child mortality. 5. Improve maternal health. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability. Read MoreThe Overlooked Area Of Poverty Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe whole, poverty reduction was the central theme in the development agenda; it was aimed to cut in half proportion of the population living below $1 a day from around 30 percent of the developing countries by 2015 (United Nations, 2005). Even though these targets have been almost achieved; it was predicted that there are about 825 million of citizen still live in extreme poverty and 800 million still suffer from inadequate hunger (FAO, 2015). Thus, fighting against poverty and hunger remains theRead MoreTo What Extent Have the Millennium Development Goals Been a Success?1743 Words   |  7 Pagespressing issues of poverty. The MDGs are made up of eight major objectives, which are all related to global development. In 2000, 189 world leaders signed a Millennium Declaration. The leaders set 2015 as the deadline for achieving the set MDGs. There has been a mixed result of the progress towards attaining these goals. One of the major achievements has been achieved is that there has been a major reduction of people living in extreme poverty. Accordingly, the proportion of poverty fell to less thanRead MoreThe Millenium Declaration Goals 20001758 Words   |  7 Pagesextreme poverty and hunger 2. Achievement of universal primary education 3. Promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women, 4. Reduction of child mortality 5. Improvement in maternal health 6. Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, 7. Ensuring environmental sustainability and 8. Develop a global partnership for development. The accomplishing focus of these objectives is until 2015. Subsequently such advancement methodologies are critical to meet these objectives. Poverty is serious

Play Activity Assignment - 2815 Words

ASSIGNMENT 2 PLAY ACTIVITY INTRODUCTION This assignment is called Play activity. It is worth 30% of the overall grade of the module Early Childhood Education. As part of the assessment criteria of this assignment I must complete a play activity to a group o children aged between 0-6 years. WORK PLACE I have been starting to work in Crà ¨che X in Donnybrook area since two weeks ago (as a full time). I have been in a free trial, then part time till they decided I can start full time. I work in Baby room. There are five children at the moment. I love children and I like being around them. I haven’t worked before with babies, so it was a challenge and a big responsibility for me and I was very happy for the chance given to me.†¦show more content†¦I want to help children to gain confidence in everyday tasks, to ensure that the play is conforming to official health and safety standards. It is a period when walking, talking, vision of the world and moral foundations are established. Th e early years of life are critical to the development of intelligence, personality and social behavior. I would like to learn about children needs and interests. My unique selling points I enjoy teaching, but in Romanian language because it will be easy to express myself. In English I loose myself, I forget the words, I don t know anymore what I want to say, it s difficult, because in school we don’t communicate enough, we just learn to read, to write, grammar, exercises. When I was a child I dreamed to be a teacher. All my story books have marks on. I like painting, singing, computers, I like to be informed. One day I believe I will have my own business a crà ¨che. But first of all I need to work in a crà ¨che for more years to get more experience and to find out everything I need to know about. I like children very much, I will be a good manager and I think it will be good money as well, if I provide a good service. Title of play activity: Autumn leaves Aim Autumn is a great time to teach children about leaves. I want to learn them through play andShow MoreRelatedAssignment Ignou Acc 11347 Words   |  6 Pages ASSIGNMENT 1 July 2011/January 2012 [pic] SCHOOL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi -110068 Application Oriented Course in Organising Child Care Services (ACC-1) ASSIGNMENT 1 July 2011/January 2012 Course : ACC – 1 Dear Learners, You will have to do one assignment as part of the Course ACC-1. THIS ASSIGNMENT IS COMPULSORY. TheRead MoreCarrers In EAC Assignment 8 Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesIn Early Childhood Education Assignment 8_08 01-08-2015 Scenario 1: Part AFredrick Frobel believed that children learn when they are lively and free. He also believed that children’s education should be based on their interests and their active involvement. An activity using Frobel’s’ parquet gifts for 3 – 5 year olds would need to be simple enough that they would be able to manipulate the pieces involved and complex enough to challenge their minds. To start our activity I would take thin pieces ofRead MoreDeveloping Good Work Habits1022 Words   |  5 Pagesstarted on assignments in school and at home requires students to engage their attentional abilities. Students must be alert to the task at hand, possibly shifting focus to a new activity, and have the mental effort necessary to initiate the task. Students who are able to preview, or think about the outcomes of a task before beginning, are helped in many ways. They can have an idea of what a report will be like once a topic is selected, what materials will be necessary to do an assignment, etc. InRead MoreBSA 375 Complete Course1474 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Link name    BSA 375Week 1 Discussion Question 1   Ã‚  Ã‚   Why do heuristics and biases play a major role in the success or failure of an IT project? What specific kinds are the most influential factors, in general and for your specific organization?    How does organization culture play a role in the successful reliance on the Joint Application Development (JAD) process to identify and gather business requirements? Would JAD work in your company? Explain why or why not.    BSA 375Week 1 DiscussionRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesADHD is about what happens in the present, not tomorrow or anywhere in the future. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that negatively impacts a child’s attention and activity behavior. Children with ADHD usually have problems sitting, focusing or paying attention. There are three subcategories of ADHD. The first category is the Predominately inattentive behavior. This behavior describes the child who has difficulty sustaining attention, unable to follow throughRead MoreBody1191 Words   |  5 PagesIncrease Physical Activity Among Sedentary Urban Middle School Girls: A Two-Group Pretest-Posttest Quasi-Experimental Design† whether girls in one school that receive nurse counseling plus after-school physical activity club showed a greater improvement in physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition than girls in another school assigned to an attention control condition. The purpose was to determine whether intervention provided a significant effect to physical activity, cardiovascularRead MoreExtra Curricular Activities Affect Students Learning And Academic Performance1335 Words   |  6 PagesExtra-curricular activities can affect students learning and academic performance because of time management skills. Students who engage in extra-curricular activities have difficulty managing their time. For instance, activities such as basketball and volleyball requires a lot of energy and dedication . Don’t you think these students are going to adhere to the principles every activity demands of them? Especially those students that enjoy the sport? Activities may take more than several hoursRead MoreUnit 25 Ccld1039 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment and socialisation of young children. They will learn about the importance of moral and spiritual development and gain understanding of the role of religious education in the curriculum. Learners will also have the opportunity to plan an activity for children, based on exploring different beliefs and religions. 1. ------------------------------------------------- Understand the importance of children’s moral and spiritual development 2. ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreLife of a Correctional Officer1056 Words   |  5 Pagesspear in the correctional facilities. The differences between jails and prisons have been clearly defined and the missions between the two are considerately different, there is relatively little difference in the actual roles that correctional officers play in the two types of facilities. Correctional officers are solely responsible for the direct, constant supervision of inmates and implementation of the security procedures and protocols within a prison. All correctional officers are required to be veryRead MoreBio 201 Lab 91515 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture/associated lab quizzes or be asked about some of these concepts on unit assignments. Step 1: Nervous Slides Assignment 1: 1. What are the sensory components of this structure? What are the motor components of this structure? 2. What does â€Å"Nb† represent and what is the function of this structure? 3. What is the function of this tissue? Name one disease that affects this tissue. Activity 1: Multipolar Neurons Observations: (No submission) Sketch your observations

Essay How was the Universe Created The Big Bang Theory

It is only with acknowledging your mistakes, and repairing them that you can make science evolve. A scientist should always stay modest and critique his own theories. Without Imagination, Newton would have never found the theory of gravity, when he saw an apple fall out of a tree, and wondered why the moon wasn’t also falling. It is believed that the Universe was created between 10-20 billion years ago. One of the most stubbornly asked questions of all time is: How was the universe created? In the pass, a group of people believed that the universe had no beginning or end and was simply infinite. But because of the initiation of the Big Bang theory, this belief was no longer correct. The universe was forced to take on the properties of a†¦show more content†¦In 1889, an astronomer named Edwin Hubble was born, and he grew up to make some of the most important astronomy discoveries. Edwin Hubble created six space telescope instruments. Cameras, spectrographs, guidance sensors, and so on, all designed to observe the universe in different ways. I will be focusing on the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, or COS. The COS telescope was designed to achieve high, medium and low sensitive resolution spectroscopy of space material in ultraviolet. The COS telescope will improve the spectroscopic capabilities of H ST at ultraviolet wavelengths, and will give astronauts and observers immense opportunities to detect source of ultraviolet light. The COS telescope complement COS researches the structure of the universe and the evolution of galaxies, stars and planets. It helps determining the formation of vital elements such as iron and carbon. COS doesn’t capture the usual images which made Edwin Hubble famous, because it is a spectrograph, it performs spectroscopy which is the science of breaking up light into individual components. COS is fascinating because it is a spectrograph which can determine the density, temperature, chemical composition and velocity of any object that emits or absorbs light. The science of COS is very straight forward. COS contains two channels, the Far and the Near Ultraviolet. Both channels contain light sensing detector, and they also both use micro-channel plates to amplify the inbound signal prior toShow MoreRelatedThe Expansion of the Universe Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pages Scientist say in the universe the big bang theory is happening this very day and the universe is expanding is so many directions and in high speeds and the universe is expanding every day, every second, every hour, minute, second and every millisecond. In this next article I got most my info on http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~yukimoon/BigBang The galaxies that are not inside of us are really moving away and the ones that are farther away are moving away the fastest and we dont know why.ThatRead MoreA Comparative Essay on the Original Creation of the Earth710 Words   |  3 Pagessociety and the â€Å"Big Bang Theory† seems to be the trending theory of the century. What is the difference though? The Catholic Church, in 1950, proclaimed that the â€Å"Big Bang Theory† did not contradict the doctrine of creation; therefore, the Catholic Church now teaches something called Theistic Evolutionism. (Brom, 2004) Are many churches teaching a false doctrine regarding the â€Å"Big Bang Theory† or is science exempt from biblical doctrine? This essay will explain what the â€Å"Big Bang Theory† teaches, whatRead MoreThe Big Bang Theory Of The Universe Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the universe was expanding, but this was not enough to separate the Big Bang theory from its’ rivals. A few decades after the redshift concept was discovered, scientists detected groundbreaking evidence that was considered the smoking gun. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected the remnants of radiation created from the Big Bang. This cosmic background radiation was the thermal radiation left over from the Big Bang. It was collected in the form as omnidirectional microwaves, which was red-shiftedRead MoreThe Big Bang Model And The Steady State Model872 Words   |  4 Pages The Universe Joyce Claiborne Professor Robert Leard Earth Space Science GS 403 09/09/2014 Abstract For many years there has been a mystery on how the universe began. There are questions about the ending of the universe and how. Hypothesis called cosmological that try to find the answer were constructed by astronomers. The Big Bang model and the Steady State model are the two that were constructed. These two models claims to explain the beginning and the endingRead MoreComparative Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pages Tom Williams Introduction Many people today have their thoughts on how the Earth was created. Christians take a biblical perspective of how the universe was created by a creator. One thought that Christians believe is that God created the earth and accomplished this in six days and rested on the seventh day. This is the model of how a week is set up and the model that we currently follow. Jon W. Green states â€Å"though differences of opinion exist forRead MoreThe Controvercial Big Bang Theory742 Words   |  3 PagesHave you ever wondered about the start of time? How about the start of the universe? Well, this question has been nagging astronomers and scientists alike for years and years. But in 1927, Georges Lemaitre proposed one of the most controversial theory of all time, the Big Bang. The Big Bang is a theory about the start of the universe. People have talked about it for years and its very controversial. First, lets start with the theory. The Big Bang was first formed by Georges Lemaitre. He is the firstRead Morecomparative essays1256 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Many people today have their thoughts on how the Earth was created. Christians take a biblical perspective of how the universe was created by a creator. One thought that Christians believe is that God created the earth and accomplished this in six days and rested on the seventh day. This is the model of how a week is set up and the model that we currently follow. Jon W. Green states â€Å"though differences of opinion exist for various doctrinal issues within Christianity, few are moreRead MoreBig Bang And The Creation Of Energy And Matter804 Words   |  4 PagesBig Bang Theory: Explain what occurred during the Big Bang, including the creation of energy and matter: The universe was created by the Big Bang. Just before the Big Bang, the universe was just unbelievably hot and at a very dense point, it burst to expand space faster than light which was at 10-34of a second. The universe doubled in size at least 90 times from the dense point. But the speed of the space spreading became to change to a slower rate still continuing at this time and day. As spaceRead MoreHow Man Can Invent Life Changing Inventions Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions in physics and everyday life. How did the universe begin? How did everything that we see, smell, feel, or hear come into existence? If there are answers to these questions then more questions arise such as: When did it begin? Where did it begin? Why did it begin? Every person that walked the Earth and lived their small, miniscule lives have looked to the oceans, skies, stars, and planets, and wondered what their purpose and plan was in the grand universe. Through research, studies, scienceRead MoreEssay on The Big Bang Theory1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Big Bang Theory Why is the Universe expanding? What is Cosmic Back Ground Radiation (CBR)? There are many questions asked about our Universe, which we know so little about. Scientists, in their attempt to answer these and other confrontations, have found one idea that seems to explain much of what we dont understand: The Big Bang Theory. An explosion of incomprehensible speed was the beginning of our known Universe and existence. At that time matter as small as the head of a pin inflated

Prothombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

Question: Discuss about the Lab Report On Prothrombin Time (Pt) And Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (Aptt)? Answer: Aim The primary aim of the study is to determine the prothombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) from the supplied plasma samples. Introduction The entire mechanism of blood coagulation consists of various complex and dynamic interactions of platelets and blood plasma within the blood vessels(Polin, Fox and Abman, 2011). Blood coagulation plays an important contribution for haemostatic process and damage of protein wall results in activationof protein lipase enzyme and the final products become insoluble fibrin(Antovic and Blomback, 2010). The primary understanding of the coagulation pathway is to determine the prothombin and thromboplastin time results. For partial thromboplastin test there are mainly three categories are present such as intrinsic system, extrinsic system and common pathway. In this particular context, the modern coagulation diagnosis process has been effectively with prothombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)(Blomback and Antovic, 2009). The patients samples have been collected thoroughly and it helps in the detection of major disorders related to anticoagulation and clotting tim e. Hypothesis The effect of the changes of concentration of calcium chloride in the blood samples is directly proportional to the Prothrombin Time (PT) and the Activated Prothrombin Time (APTT). Methods PT test was performed on the plasma prepared from the collected blood samples and to perform the test effectively the initial arrangements were made. During the collection of blood,acid citrate dextrose is taken as anticoagulant(Tondre and Lebegue, 2010). Therefore, the separation of plasma and red cells are innovatively done and five healthy donors were taken for the blood samples and after that, plasma was dispensed into 5ml aliquots and frozen for the further process of the experiment(Oral Communication 3: Xeno Immunology - Non-Gal Antibodies and Coagulations (1), 2013). Then the plasma was incubated and CaCl2 is the added in regular interval and desired results has been collected (Oral Communication 5: Experimental Models and Non-Gal Antibodies and Coagulations (2), 2013).Statistical software has been utilized for thiscase to perform several statistical tests of the collected samples. Second groups of samples were collected for partial thromboplastin time deduction, which is also known as Activated Prothrombin Time test (APTT). Whereas, in Prothrombin time test, Calcium Chloride was added in order to determine the time taken for coagulation, in APTT, activated elements are added with the concentrations of calcium chloride. The samples are required top decalcified before so that they do not coagulate prematurely. The sample is plasma separated by centrifuging. The activated agents added are kaolin and cephalin. While kaolin works to activate the Factor XII and the cephalin serves as an alternative to the platelet phospholipids. In normal samples, the approximate time taken to clot is about 35 seconds. Results PT results The standard concentration of CaCl2 is 0.025M. In this particular context, different concentration of CaCl2 was added to each blood samples with different period and desired results have been collected. Time with CaCl2 Concentration Sample 1 (clotting Range) Sample 2 (clotting Range) Sample 3 (clotting Range) Sample 4 (clotting Range) Sample 5 (clotting Range) 1 min (0.025) 11 sec 9 sec 12 sec 10sec 10 sec 3 min (0.031) 10 sec 11 sec 11 sec 12 sec 11 sec 5 min (0.039) 9 sec 10 sec 10 sec 11 sec 8sec 7 min(0.089) 8 sec 12 sec 9 sec 9sec 7 sec 9 min (0.098) 7 sec 8 sec 6 sec 8 sec 6 sec APTT Results Time with CaCl2 concentration Sample 1 (clotting Range) Sample 2 (clotting Range) Sample 3 (clotting Range) Sample 4 (clotting Range) Sample 5 (clotting Range) 1 min (0.025) 35 sec 43 sec 34sec 38 sec 54 sec 3 min (0.346) 34 sec 41 sec 31 sec 36 sec 47 sec 5 min (0.426) 33 sec 38 sec 29 sec 33 sec 44 sec 7 min (0.589) 32 sec 36sec 28 sec 31sec 41 sec 9 min (1.255) 30 sec 32 sec 26 sec 24 sec 39 sec Parameter After 5 min After 8 min After 10 min PT (sec) Mean------------------------ Median--------------------- Min.max------------------- 10.291.36 11.78 9.69 -13.41 11.97 0.97 11.51 10.01-15.45 11.81 1.05 11.84 6.48-13.57 aPTT (sec) Mean SD------------ Median---------------- Min. Max------------- 46.697.76 48.26 36.46-69.91 54.03118.54 54.91 49.89-61.5 53.269.96 61.54 33.61-63.1 Significance: versus 5 min after collection P0.05 Effects of the variation in concentrations of calcium ions One of the important aspects of the tests is to determine the effects of the changes in the calcium chloride concentrations in the blood samples and in how they affected the Prothrombin time and the Activated Prothrombin Time of the samples. The hypothesis considered before the tests put down a directly proportional relation between the two. As the concentration of Calcium chloride was increased in the study of heparinized plasma, the APTT ratio indicated a likewise increase. The Calcium chloride concentrations recalcified the plasma-separated samples and served as a significant variable to manipulate and modify the sensitivity of the heparin aspect of APTT. An assay of 0.025 mol/L concentrations indicated increased APTT. Thus, the test results indicated a positive apprehension to the considered hypothesis. Conclusion The experiment provides a clear and concise idea regarding the PT and aPTT time for the given blood samples and from this, variation in coagulation of blood of different five healthy individuals are identified. It is evident from the study that increase in CaCl2 concentration results in reducing the PT an aPTT time of blood plasma. References Antovic, J. and Blomback, M. (2010).Essential guide to blood coagulation.Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Blomback, M. and Antovic, J. (2009).Essential Guide to Blood Coagulation.Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Oral Communication 3: Xeno Immunology - Non-Gal Antibodies and Coagulations (1). (2013). Xenotransplantation, 20(5), pp.344-349. Oral Communication 5: Experimental Models and Non-Gal Antibodies and Coagulations (2). (2013). Xenotransplantation, 20(5), pp.356-360. Polin, R., Fox, W. and Abman, S. (2011). Fetal and neonatal physiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. Tondre, R. and Lebegue, C. (2010).Handbook of hematology research. New York: Nova Biomedical Books.

Troubled Retail Food Group faces †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Troubled Retail Food Group faces. Answer: Introduction: Retail Food Group, or RFG, is a global food and beverage company, having its headquarters in Australia. It is the largest multiband retail food franchise in the nation, along with being a roaster and a supplier of high quality coffee products. The company is also coming out as a leader in the wholesale bakery sectors, foodservices and dairy processing (RFG, 2018). Even with so much working in its favour, RFB has been in the headlines in the recent times, particularly regarding the potential class actions by the different parties. This report focused on what these issues had been and the major developments in this context. Once this is done, the report would shed light on the regulatory authority which might be involved in the possible investigation. And lastly, before concluding, the possible remedies in such situation would be discussed. RFG is present a troubled franchisor, which is facing possible class action owing to the accusations regarding the group misleading its investors regarding the manner in which the business model of RFG would affect the store owners. Investigations have already been started against the Donut King and Gloria Jeans chains by Maurice Blackburn in a clash action on shareholders behalf. There is another class action being investigated by Bannister, a law firm (Rask Media, 2018). All this happened in the light of the shares of RFG tumbling once the revelation regarding a secret deal being made by Fairfax Media with a former executive for managing stores came out. The troubled owners of Donut King and Gloria Jeans chains failed to inform their shareholders that the business was being done with a private company, which was being run by former executive, who also had been the partner of long standing boss of the company. This deal came to light in context of RFG and Exit 57 Investments of Alic ia Atkinson after the collapse of private company collapsed (Danckert, 2018a). It was stated by Ben Slade, the Maurice Blackburn principal that the class action investigation would be for the shareholders who had purchased shares back in June 2015 to this years February on the allegations of breaching the continuous disclosures (Pash, 2018). The shares of RFG fell badly on consecutive days due to this possible class action looming in the future of the company. The crux of this matter was the deal between Atkinson and RFG, which fell through, resulting in company getting a $2.8 million tax debt and stated that RFG subsidiary owed $1.6 million. The deal between Exit 57 and RFG was such that the former had to temporarily manage the stores, which included the ones abandoned by RFG. This deal took place in 2014 and was ended in 2015 and 2016. In 2016, Alford stepped down from the position of managing director, but he continued to be a director of company till July 2017, after which he left the company. All this had been valid and of no problem, if the requisite disc losures had been made. But the annual reports of last five years of RFG made no mention of Exit 57 and the arrangement had not been listed in the related party dealings of the company. The company failed in taking the reporting obligations in serious manner, even when it is an ASX listed company (Danckert, 2018b). The issue in this case majorly revolves around the potential breach of Regulatory Guide 76, which is related to related party transactions. Every listed company on Australian Stock Exchange is required to follow RG 76, in addition to the provisions which had been laid down in the Corporations Act, 2001. Based on this, there is a need to disclose the transactions which take place with the related party, and to take necessary permission before such transactions are entered into. Section 208 of the Corporations Act, 2001 provide that an entity controlled by public company, or a public company in itself is required to give the financial benefit to the public companys financial benefit. This requires members of the company to approve transactions as have been covered under section 217-227; unless the financial benefit falls in exceptions covered under sections 210-216. There are also statutory duties imposed on directors of the companies through sections 180-184 of this act, and the commo n law duties, regarding it being a duty of the directors of the company to take approval and to disclose of such matters (ASIC, 2011). Regulatory Authority In the event where the aforementioned sections and regulations are not complied with by any organization, a case can be raised against the directors and the company for the breach of pertinent sections to the ASIC, i.e. Australian Securities and Investments Commission. So, the potential class action can be initially brought to the ASIC as it is the regulatory body which looks into the breaches of Corporations Act, and also that of the breaches of the regulatory guides which the ASX listed companies have to follow (ASIC, 2011). Upon a case being raised before the ASIC, a fully fledged investigation would be launched into the affairs of RFG. Apart from this, the role of different directors, particularly the former executive who also had been the partner of long standing boss of the company, would be under investigation. This would be in particular reference to the breach of director duties. The reason for a breach of director duties being investigated upon in this case against RFG stems from the fact that the Corporations Act bestows important duties which the directors have to abide by. These include the civil obligation of duty of care and diligence under section 180; good faith under section 181; use of position under section 182; use of information under section 183; and criminal offence for breach of good faith, and use of position and information under section 184 (Cassidy, 2006). Where the significant matters like related party transactions are not disclosed in a proper manner by the directors of the company, before the shareholders, and the requisite permission is not taken from the shareholders, it shows that the directors had not worked in a diligent and careful manner. This also shows that the lack of good faith being deployed, and the misuse of both position and information of company. The severity of this matter would also attract the criminal penalties, in addition to the civil penalties (Paolini, 2014). Apart from the directors duties, the provisions covered under section 208 were also beached by RFG as they did not take the relevant approval from the members in accordance with section 230 of this act (Federal Register of Legislation, 2018). Apart from the legislative requirements, the regulatory guide was also contravened, giving ASIC the full chance of raising claims against RFG for breaching the regulatory requirements in terms of Corporations Act and ASX Listing Rules (ASIC, 2011). Possible remedies Whenever a claim is made against the company or the directors in context of the aforementioned provisions, there are certain defences which the parties can claim, to safeguard against possible liabilities attached with these claims. RFG too is ready to defend this class action vigorously (RFG, 2018b). For instance, the directors can make use of the business judgement rule given under section 180(2) of the Corporations Act (CCH Australia, 2011). By using this section, the directors can show that they undertook the business decision after carefully analysing the situation based on their skill level and based on the information provided by others, which they analysed on the basis of their knowledge. However, due to the magnitude of case being prepared against RFG in terms of class action, there is high chance of such defence failing. This is because the ASIC would make an application for the class action applicants to get adequate compensation as a remedy for the different breached by the RFG and its directors. This would enable the shareholders in recovering their lost money, when the shares of the group fell down. Also, as remedy, the guilty directors could be disqualified for breaching their director duties, and barred from holding directorship positions for certain time. So, the order passed by the ASIC would have to be confirmed by the court, before the remedies actually come in the hands of the class action applications. Conclusion Thus, from the analysis of the present storm being faced by RFG, it can be concluded that the position of the company is not strong enough. It is most likely to face the brunt of the actions undertaken by its management, where the shareholders were duped. Not only were their rights snapped away, but they also had to bear loss in terms of tumbling stock prices, all because the management failed in disclosing the related party transactions. As a result of this instance, different regulatory and legislative compliances were not undertaken, resulting in the ASIC getting the power of investigating on the claimed upon breaches. Where this investigation reveals that the company and its directors had been guilty of such contraventions, the class action would provide the applicants with remedies, as decided upon by the court. References ASIC. (2011). Related party transactions. Retrieved from: https://download.asic.gov.au/media/1239851/rg76-published-11-may-2011.pdf Cassidy, J. (2006). Concise Corporations Law (5th ed.). NSW: The Federation Press. CCH Australia. (2011). Australian Corporations Securities Legislation 2011: Corporations Act 2001, ASIC Act 2001, related regulations. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia. Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) Danckert, S. (2018a). RFG's secret deal to manage stores under scrutiny. Retrieved from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/rfg-s-secret-deal-to-manage-stores-under-scrutiny-20180305-p4z2xh.html Danckert, S. (2018b). Troubled Retail Food Group faces potential class action. Retrieved from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/troubled-retail-food-group-faces-potential-class-action-20180306-p4z32w.html Federal Register of Legislation. (2018). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 Paolini, A. (2014). Research Handbook on Directors Duties. Northampton, Massachusetts, United States: Edward Elgar. Pash, C. (2018). Retail Food Group now faces a potential class action from disgruntled shareholders. Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/retail-food-group-class-action-maurice-blackburn-2018-3 Rask Media. (2018). Why Retail Food Group Limited Shares Fell 5% on Friday. Retrieved from: https://www.raskmedia.com.au/2018/01/19/retail-food-group-limited-shares-fell-5-friday/ RFG. (2018a). People who put the love in food. Retrieved from: https://www.rfg.com.au/ RFG. (2018b). RFG Response to Potential Class Action. Retrieved from: https://www.rfg.com.au/2018/02/02/rfg-response-to-potential-class-action/