Explore the theme of loneliness in of mice and men Essay

Whilst reading the novel, ‘Of Mice and Men’ it becomes apparent that loneliness, is one of the main themes that is carried throughout the book. This theme is symbolised in almost every character, each expressing loneliness in their own way. From Crooks, the misunderstood black man who wasn’t always discriminated against; Curley’s Wife, the only woman on the ranch who had dreams of being something much bigger, to the leading characters George and Lennie. Whether they are mentally alone or whether they have a fear of being alone, they all express loneliness. We are first introduced to the theme of loneliness when George is talking to Lennie about life on a ranch and how men on a ranch live compared to how they live, saying â€Å"Guys like us that work on ranches are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don’t belong no place†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..With us it ain’t like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us† Lennie eagerly finishes George’s description of them saying â€Å"But not us! An’ why? Because†¦ I got you to look after me and you got me to look after me† From this conversation alone it is obvious to us that George and Lennie are on completely different wavelengths intellectually, Lennie being extremely childlike, thinking and speaking like a toddler would, and George being a father-like figure, getting frustrated when Lennie doesn’t understand him, or when he doesn’t remember something he’s been told, as Lennie pointed out, physically, they are not alone, physically, they do have each other and although Lennie isn’t intellectually able enough to understand, mentally, George is alone, travelling and holding conversations with a man who has the mental ability of a 3 year old would not be enough to take away the feeling of loneliness. Although Lennie isn’t alone, he has a subconscious fear of being alone, of being abandoned by George, and like most children, he has a constant urge to have a companion, a pet, so that even when he is ‘alone’ he has something with him, this is shown through his constant petting of animals, dead, or alive â€Å"Jus’ a dead mouse, George†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I could pet it with my thumb while we walked along† the fact that Lennie subconsciously fears being alone becomes very apparent when Crooks suggests that George may not come back, Lennie becomes very aggressive, very quickly â€Å"S’pose he gets killed or hurt so he can’t come back† Like an animal, his fear turns to anger and he moves to attack ‘He stood up and walked  dangerously towards Crooks. â€Å"Who hurt George?† he demanded’ his fear of being without George is his fear of being alone. While Lennie is with Crooks, Crooks is heard saying â€Å"S’pose you couldn’t go into the bunk house and play rummy ‘cause you was black. How’d you like that?† This connects to an earlier quote in the book, saying that in Crooks’ room, there were a pair of ‘large, gold-rimmed spectacles’ and Crooks’ mentions to Lennie that his father owned a ranch and â€Å"the white kids came to play at our place, an’ sometimes I went to play with them, and some of them was pretty nice† this shows us that Crooks’ wasn’t always discriminated against, he wasn’t always alone, in a lot of ways its worse for Crooks’ than a lot of other black men, because he isn’t so used to it, he knows what it’s like not to be alone, whereas most black men have never known anything else, Crooksà ¢â‚¬â„¢ also speaks out about his loneliness to Lennie saying â€Å"Books ain’t no good. A guy needs somebody-to be near him. A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody. Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long’s he’s with you. I tell ya, I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an’ he gets sick† Crooks’ has a loneliness which is never-ending, he can’t change it. Curley’s wife is the only woman on the ranch and the only female woman in the book. Curley is possessive of her, he makes out that she belongs to him and that no one else can have her, that no one else can talk to her. Curley wants the other men on the ranch to know that they can’t communicate with her, he is threatening towards the men about his wife constantly being suspicious of them demanding they tell him where she is even if they don’t know, he worries about her being unfaithful, so gets very aggressive when he thinks she has given anyone ‘the eye’ and it can often lead to fights due to his hot-tempered personality, at one point, he thinks Lennie is laughing at the fact that he can’t find his wife and that is when a fight between them occurs, this makes the men wary of talking to her, or even, being near her. Curley doesn’t like her communicating with the other men, so she has no one to talk to. At one point when talking to Lennie she is heard saying â€Å"I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely’. Because she is lonely, she always seeks attention, and the only way she knows how to get attention is through her looks. Her over-the top appearance only highlights her desperation to be noticed by someone, anyone. The only people she ever see’s refuse to talk to her because they think she’s a ‘tart’ and they see her as ‘jailbait’, they refuse to communicate  with her because they don’t want to start anything with Curley. Curleys wife’s obliviousness to what the men think of her only becomes obvious when she’s talking to Lennie, she questions him â€Å"What’s the matter with me? Ain’t I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am, anyways?† She is oblivious to that fact that, the more she tries to get noticed the more the men on the ranch will steer clear from her. Overall, I think the loneliest character in the novel would be George, because, not only does he end up physically alone, but, throughout the book he is always alone, whether there are people around or not, he is mentally alone and with Lennie to look after and look out for he must be mentally exhausted after just one conversation with Lennie, his patience and obvious love for Lennie, is in the end the reason he is completely alone, without Lennie, without anyone, from the beginning of the book. George had loneliness coming towards him, whether he knew it or not, he was bound to end up alone, the life he claimed he ‘wanted’ the life that he said would be so much ‘easier’ a life without Lennie, by the end of the book, George is one of those men that work on a ranch, by the end of the novel George is one of the ‘loneliest guys in the world’

Green Grass, Running Water Essay

The novel Green Grass, Running Water is a multifaceted work of art in the literal sense. The plot circles around an Indian tribe i.e. the Blackfoots, while interweaving myths and the stereotypical attitude towards Native Americans into the macro picture. It takes an extremely sensitive topic and makes sense of it through a comical way. Through the book King raises a voice against the treatment of the Native culture and way of life at the hands of the ‘white,’ through humorous and witty settings, plots and dialogues. One can easily spot the shots that have taken against the government that went onto cheat the Natives in the name of friendship, the idea of religion, the social stigma that plagues the Natives and a whole lot more. The discord created by Coyote is a very integral part of the novel. In the story Coyote is the Trickster, and along with him the four Indians namely Lone Ranger, Ishmael, Robin son Crusoe, and Hawkeye set their course towards the Blackfoot reservation so they can find things to ‘fix’ (133). When they come onto the reservation everything goes topsy-turvy. Through the re-telling of old Native American legends King puts things into a different perspective for the reader. On top of the Native legends one will be amused by the many references to biblical stories as well. When it comes to the role of Coyote we know that he is one force that is present long before the world really exists. In the start where there was nothing but â€Å"just the water† even then the trickster was present, â€Å"but Coyote was asleep†. This in itself can be taken as a testimonial for Coyote’s strength and importance. Whenever Coyote enters the plot he manages to wreak havoc by influencing the events and people around him. He does this on more than one occasion by simply making a joke or performing a ritual. It is important to note though that Coyote never indulges in direct violence, his idea of wreaking havoc comes from a very passive stance so to speak. His actions are based on what the others say and how he can manipulate their words.   In the length of the novel Coyote assists in ‘fixing the world’ through interconnecting European tales with Native ones. He distorts the stories that were brought in by the early settlers by adding the Native flavor to them, thereby coming up with completely new stories altogether. One instance where Coyote and the four Indians try to ‘fix’ the world is the dam. The thing to note here is that the damn is not going to bring any good to the Natives. The government has ignored many things, such as the fault lines, while making the damn. In effect it would bring great problems to the people living around the area if it were to break. Coyote possesses mystical powers and can manipulate the environment around him. In one of the scenes from the book Ishmael and Robinson Crusoe ask him whether he has been dancing or singing to which he replies â€Å"Just a little† (341) on both counts. At that point a great earthquake hits the land and causes the stress fractures under the dam to open up. Now, the dam in essence was bad, but once it had been built it would have been worse for it to just fall apart. At one glance one might thing that Coyotes doing was negative rather than positive. However, with the supernatural demolition of the dam, the flood that follows symbolically washes away pieces of the colonial heritage. The Natives are then able to defy the government and reclaim their land. Even Eli, who ended up dying in the process, is a symbol of strength for the remaining people. His cabin stands are an icon for the rest, a piece of their heritage which one of their own died protecting. Even though Coyote caused death, he still managed to give people something to hold onto, something to huddle them closer to their own Native values. Another example of Coyote’s well meaning intentions’ going wrong is the John Wayne movie, where he manages to twist and turn the story through the use of linguistic violence and ends up completely distorting it. This is good because he inculcates the Native culture and values into the story which is important for the main characters on the Blackfoot reserve. The well known story ‘The Mysterious Warrior’ is toyed with. In an attempt to change the world, they end up changing the classic too. In the new version the Indians are not the ones who die terrible deaths but John Wayne and Richard Widmar instead. The Natives that had been hunted by the cavalry suddenly begin to fight back and massacred their assailants. The Natives on the reserve need this kind of reinforcement because they are losing their own values and their heritage and not because they want to, but because they cant find the will to really fight for it. Eli is the only one who really pushes for anything, while the rest themselves have managed to infuse ‘white’ culture into every part of their lives. An example of this is Latisha who is only using her heritage and that too by inventing things that never existed in the Native culture to begin with i.e. selling dog meat burgers (which are really hamburgers) to tourists claiming it to be a Native tradition, when it wasn’t. Coyote at times hinders the path of the other four Indians as well. In a way he is the embodiment of the struggle of the Natives against the ‘whites’. His actions may at times seem completely negative, but one must remember that Coyote has been around for a while. And in the end his actions only end up benefiting the Natives of the reserves. Throughout the novel it would seem as though Coyote has induced certain events almost by mistake or through carelessness but once it has run its course it only ends up helping the Blackfoots. In a way it can be said that Coyote has wisdom beyond what most can understand which is why it is possible that he just might know how things will turn out at the culmination. Coyote tends to intertwine the old ways with the new norms. He uses many biblical references (albeit distorting them completely) and the legends of the old age and present them in a very contemporary way.   His distortion of the white tales helps by cleansing the invasive stereotypes and stigma that surround the Indians of today. In one instance a dam builder says to Eli â€Å"Besides, you guys aren’t real Indians anyway. I mean, you drive cars, watch television, go to hockey games. Look at you. You are a university professor† (King 119). This shows the ignorance and misconceptions about the Natives. The general public is completely oblivious of these people, their lives and how they exist. Coyote in his own crazy way tries to do away with this kind of mentality. Thus, Coyote manages to pull the Natives together. The culture and heritage that has been eluding them and at times confusing them is brought back by him. His actions may at times seem overly negative but in the long run they always prove to be good for the people on the reserve. This is why in totality one can only say that the Tricksters actions are positive and not negative. Work Cited Green Grass, Running Water: Thomas King (1993)

MGMT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT - Assignment Example The rule further helps to clarify that small retail business are not part of this rule which means that they are not affected by it. This regulation will affect my business in terms of accessing government procurement programs as well as obtaining financial support (Regulations.gov, para-1). The regulation try to define what is a small business as a sized standard and include all its branches. This proposal was put forth to provide clarity on the category of each operating business that has employees. It further provides the basis of whether a business qualifies for acquiring government procurement contract. I am against the proposed regulation because it has limited applicability in the actual situation. It fails to recognise other business such as retail trade enterprises as part of small business. Further, it represents just the opposite by stating that a small business is a standard sized business including its subsidiaries. One my comment has been submitted and acceptable my business will be able to fall under the definition of small business as explained by the small business administration. This will further make my business to qualify for government contracts and financial assistance. Regulations.gov.Small Business Size Standards: Industries with Employee Based Size Standards Not Part of Manufacturing, Wholesale Trade, or Retail Trade.Web.14.09.014 :< http://ww

Barack Obama Speech in Cairo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Barack Obama Speech in Cairo - Essay Example In a maiden speech delivered in Cairo University on 6 April 2009, he addressed violent extremism, Israel and Palestine war, nuclear weapons, democracy, women's rights and economic development.  He asserted that the West and Islam should start confronting these issues. This paper will only focus on the issue of violent extremism in America. It will explain why the issue is meaningful to me and analyze the assertions Obama made about the issue and the evidence he gives to support those assertions. I believe that the issue of violent extremism is very significant in this context. America is seemingly the most democratic country in the world subject to its race and religion diversity. Prior to this speech, tension between the United States and Muslims around the world had been rising for years. Islam and the West had relationships marred by cooperation as well as conflicts. While the West fostered modernization and globalization, the Muslim nations view the West acts as demeaning to th e Islam traditions. As a result, Muslims execute violence against the Americans killing Muslims, Christians, and innocent people though America. In addition, America in its right to freedom of worship encompasses both Muslims and Christians. In fact, Obama himself confesses the Muslim faith though his mother was a Christian and his father a Muslim. Indeed, this seems to be a war between America and the Muslim. Obama being the president of America, having confessed Muslim, and Egypt being a Muslim nation he is in a contradicting position to address this issue. Hence, this issue is domineering over the others. Obama asserts that America has never been, is not, and will never be at war with Islam. He confirms that just like any other nation and faith, America only rejects the killing of innocent men, women, and children. He argues that even Muslims cannot condone such killings as the Quran forbids them. He also recognizes the words of the second President of the United States, John Ada ms who proclaimed that, America has no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquility of Muslims (USA Today Web). However, he observes that it is his and other willing partner’s duty to confront violent extremists for the sake of American and world security. He also asserts that American has demonstrated its goals and quest for unity in fighting the violent extremists in Afghanistan. To this assertion, he reminds the audience that the United States had international support in pursuing al Qaeda and the Taliban. In fact, a coalition of 46 countries was in the pursuit (USA Today Web). Additionally, he asserts that America was justified to venture in that pursuit. He narrates that Al Qaeda killed nearly 3,000 innocent people from all nations on the September 11 attack with a vow to continue launching more killings. Indeed, these attacks have made some Americans to view Islam as an inevitably hostile way of life to all. As such, he argues that it was only fair for America, with the support of the international community, to pursue them with an aim of bringing justice to the victims and prevent more attacks. He however asserts that America will not keep its troops in Afghanistan for a long time. He confers that the pursuit has been costly, caused many casualties, and is politically difficult to manage.

Origin Stories and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Origin Stories and Religion - Essay Example According to the essay findings origin stories are a great spark to we are and stand as humans. Despite one’s religion, they all center around people believing in the existence of a superior being and the variation in truth as being either subjective or objective. These things held by people over time end up shaping how they look at things and their perceptions. Despite the varied existence of truth in religions, they also have conflicts.From this discussion it is clear that the components of sacred texts, as well as its canonist, sets the mood that the text occupies within the religious tradition. The process involves an author who composes the text which is an oral traditional-precipitation surrounding writing, facilitating reduction and canonization through editing. The text has foundation on authority, and its genre will fall under historical, legal, apocalyptic, epistle and poetic. In Judaism, the primary writing is the Tanak, with the others being Talmud. On the other ha nd, Christianity's main work is the bible which consists of both the new and the Old Testament. The other additional books include the Apocrypha and Creeds. In Islam, the primary text is the Quran with Hadith as an additional text. Further, The Smruti or otherwise known as the Vedas is the main text in Hinduism, with the support of Suriti. The previous also goes by the name the Great Epics or Upanishad. Buddhism is the only one that has one primary text being Tripitaka. The interpretation can either come in as organic, Existential or mechanical.

Summary of the Article - Government and Poverty Research Paper

Summary of the Article - Government and Poverty - Research Paper Example In the scenario, the author also makes a mention of the more recent American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The author defines poverty as the dearth of the necessary resources that enable the people to meet their basic needs and extends the commensurate statistics regarding the urban, suburban and rural incidence of poverty. The author does support the extension of government aid to the deserving, while taciturnly mentioning that many people suffer from poverty because they are lazy. The writer also blames the indulgence in substance abuse like tobacco and alcohol as the reason as to why the poor remain poor. Yet, the writer again contradicts one’s assertion by saying that a great number of the poor receiving the government aid do tend to be employed. In the end, the writer conclusively asserts that the government should spend money on imparting skills and education to the poor, rather than wasting the taxpayers’ money on extending nutrition, health and housing. Overall the approach of the writer seems to be discernible against the government funding of the poverty alleviation programs. The poor tend to remain poor because they simply do not have a place in the national financial chain and many times, as said by the author, they lack the skills, education and connections to be able to fit into the national financial dynamics. Hence the government spending on the poverty alleviation programs is the most efficient way to make way for the allocation of the national wealth in favor of the impoverished segments of the society. The government has a self-interest in doing so in the sense that allowing the poverty to rise beyond a certain limit could lead to an unstable society marred by political unrest and crime (Lal & Myint 8). It is rightly said that the hungry minds are angry minds. Hence, state expenditure in poverty alleviation programs allows the government to channelize the skills, abilities and energy of poor sections of the society towards self-development and nation-building. State sponsoring of the poverty alleviation programs is not a choice but an important n ecessity and requisite. Hence, there is no scope or possibility for casting doubts on the relevance or necessity of the government spending on the poor or poverty alleviation programs. The writer himself conveyed that a majority of the poor people receiving government help does have jobs and they tend to work. Hence, the tongue in cheek assertion that the poor people are poor because they happen to be lazy is utterly nonsensical and biased. Poor people, in fact, happen to be poor because they do not have a say in the national and international policy-making procedures and frameworks, where they could chalk out the apt policies that would help them have a share in the process of wealth generation and allocation (Global Issues 1).

Reflective Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflective Portfolio - Essay Example The understanding of how students, students, businesses and companies interact with each other before, during and after the internship is limited. Each stakeholder may have a different role of the internship. Each one will have the way they would like to interact with each other for information and content. Availability of adequate information would provide a better way of their interaction and increase the benefits. In the universities, the most important stakeholders are the employers. The role of higher education in many universities in the developed countries is been strengthened so that at the end it will contribute to the growth of the economy. Such focus by the government is to ensure that the universities are fulfilling the moral purpose they are entitled to. Of the methods used by the government is to initiate and implement performance funding to the universities. Any employer will require fresh graduates to have some form of experience before been employed. Work experience teaches the students something that makes one access skills to apply in the job market (Shah and Nair) These institutions tend to have dissatisfaction to the employer with attributes with the university graduates they do recruit from the universities. The attributes of the graduates are understood as general skills with knowledge and ability beyond the one gained at the tertiary level of the studies. The range of attributes tend to vary from simple technical skills to the intellectual skills that are complex. The top five attributes that an employer will consider in employee include communication skills, interpersonal skills, intelligence and personality (Gault, Leach and Duey). It examines the patterns of interaction between the individual and the working environment. The field theory developed by Lewin Can be can be expressed as B = f (p,e), where B is used

Career Development of Muslim Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Career Development of Muslim Women - Essay Example The research design that is selected for the study is an exploratory research design, in order to understand the things deeply. As explained by Zechmeister et al., (1997) survey research represents a general approach to be used when the research design is implemented. Survey research is the method of gathering data from respondents thought to be representative of some population using an instrument composed of close structure or open-ended items (questions). It is one of the most dominant forms of data collection in the social sciences gives for the proficient collection of data over broad populations, agreeable to self-administration, administration in person, by telephone, via email, and on the internet. The primary data is to be collected by conducting field research that involves face to face interviews, surveys, questionnaires and focused group interviews. Primary research involves the use of primary data for the collection of data. Primary data are that information that is collected for the first time. The primary research will be especially useful since it will provide a guideline to the most current data available on this topic from Muslim women who are about to reach either supervisory or managerial positions and also from female who are about to enter the workforce. This will help to give an idea about what challenges they face and how they feel they will compare themselves with foreigners in the workplace. There are many advantages that have been identified in the use of the survey method.

Give a full summary of the movie Crash Assignment

Give a full summary of the movie Crash - Assignment Example Detective Waters, a black man, speaks of how people in Los Angeles almost assist upon getting into car accidents. Waters, who had been in the car involved in the accident, gets out of the car to inspect a crime scene in the immediate vicinity. Waters is told by a fellow police officer that a body had been discovered; however, what Waters sees at the crime scene is not immediately known to the audience, for the scene jumps to a lengthy montage of scenes that took place almost two days prior to the accident: Inside a gun shop, a Persian father, Farhad, and his daughter, Dorri, are purchasing a gun, but are hampered and hurried from the shop by the shop owner, who is against the two not speaking English; the defense attorney and his wife, Rick and Jean, are carjacked by two black men, Anthony and Peter; Jean is having the locks changed on her house, and the locksmith, Daniel, overhears himself being regarded as a gang member; in a diner where two Asians are conversing amongst themselves , a police officer, Ryan, is on the phone with a medical assistant, Shaniqua, who promptly hangs up when he makes a racist comment. After Ryan and his partner, Hansen, leave and begin their duties, they pull over a black vehicle on suspicions of sexual activity while driving. The black couple, Cameron and Christine, exit the vehicle when Ryan directs them to; Cameron is polite and cooperative, though Christine is drunk, which shows through her actions and speech. Ryan frisks Christine, though what he is essentially doing is sexually molesting her. After he finishes, he allows the couple to continue on their way. Another series of montages begins again, going off of the original scenes, continuing from the previous montages. Christine is beside herself with anger that Cameron did nothing to stop with Ryan had done to her, though Cameron firmly believes that he acted in the way that he was supposed to; Daniel is putting his daughter to bed

Characteristic of a Research Problem Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Characteristic of a Problem - Research Paper Example After clearly identifying a research problem, it must be translated into a research hypothesis stating a relationship between variables in a number of populations. Therefore, the assignment tend to reflect on the connection of the research problem, the research hypothesis, along with the existing variables (Tacq, 1997). A research problem happens to be the initial step, while, at the same time, the most significant requirement within the research problem. It acts as the basis of a research study, therefore, through ideal formulation, an appropriate study tends to be bound to take place. In order for a researcher in solving a problem, he or she must understand what the problem is, thereby comprehending what one is attempting to do. A research problem, along with the manner in which the researcher formulates it ascertains every step followed when undertaking a research study. Formulating the problem happens to be input into the study while the output turns out to be the quality of research report’s content. As a result, a research problem is in most cases accompanied by a research question. A research question is responsible for the identification of the phenomenon undergoing study (Jeffrey & George, 2000). When defining a research problem, it is essential to bear in mind that is must be specific instead of general. In stances whereby a problem is specific, as well as focused, it turns out to be more answerable compared to if it is general. As a matter of fact, there is a perception that a well formulated research problem happens to be half solved. Therefore, research formulation appears to be like the identification of a destination before embarking of the journey; in the lack of a destination, it is not possible to make out a route, let along the shortest one. Similarly, lack of distinctive research problems, it is impossible to have a clear, economical plan since the research problem happens to be the foundation of the research problem; with the type, along with the design of the building being dependent on its foundation. The majority of research in humanities tend to revolve around the four P's; they comprise of People, Problems, Programs, as well as Phenomena. There are a number o f considerations to contemplate when choosing a research problem that comprise of interest, ethical issues, magnitude, availability of data, measurement of concepts, relevance and level of expertise. However, studies indicate that, on top of these factors, the sociological paradigm, time factor, the researcher’s values, unit of the chosen analysis, the researcher’s methodology and the level of reactivity inherent in a method considered suitable for gathering data should also be put into consideration (Tacq, 1997). There are a number of characteristic that should be put into consideration concerning a research problem, they include (Lynn & Ronald, 2010): a) Idea: Every research problem statement starts with the introduction of the idea the researcher in interested in studying. For instance, if the researcher is studying the impact of parenting technique on the self esteem of children, there is a need to read everything concerning parenting techniques, as well as what is already known concerning the impacts different techniques have on self-esteem. Clarify why the idea is significant; give details concerning the importance of children's self-esteem for the creation of prosocial society, along with the parenting techniques that are a primary element in the creation of self-esteem. In this case, the problem statement might be: "The aim of this research is to explore which of four parenting techniques has a connection with positive children’

Computer architecture Essay Example for Free

Computer architecture Essay Describe how analogue data can be converted and stored in computer systems Analogue data needs to be sampled in order to be processed by a computer. As computers deal in Ones and Zeros it can only record specific intervals. For example, when recording a sound that gradually gets louder over a minute, a digital recording could record the level of sound every second, but would lose the information between seconds. If the sound was sampled every half second, there would be half as much information lost from the original source, but file size would be doubled. This is the trade off that has to be made between file size and quality. Bit depth is the number of bits of information recorded per second . The higher the bit depth means, the higher the sample rate and this results in higher quality sound file. A good example of bit depth is in CD quality audio which has a bit depth of 16 bits and a sample rate of 44. 1 kHz. Task 3 (P5) Describe the key components of a computer architecture and how they interact 1. Data Buffer this is a region of memory used to temporarily hold data while it is being moved from one place to another. 2. Accumulator A An 8 bit CPU has 1 register called the accumulator, this holds temporary data e. g. the carry-out when you do addition. 3. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) this is the workhorse of the CPU because it carries out all the calculations. 4. Data Buses the mechanism that moves information around a computer. 5. Address Buffer this holds the address part of the instruction register, 6. Program Counter this contains the location of the next instruction to be executed and, therefore, keeps track of where the computer is up to in a program. 7. Instruction Register (IR) this divides the information it receives into two fields. One field in the IR contains the operation code that tells the CPU what operation is to be carried out. The other field, called the operand field, contains the address of the data to be used by the instruction. 8. Condition Code Register (CCR) this takes a snapshot of the state of the ALU after each instruction has been executed and records the state of the carry, negative, zero, and overflow flag-bits. In the above diagram the flag-bits are H, I, N, Z, V C. Task 4 (P6) Describe the features of a processor Multi-tasking. Multi-tasking is a method where multiple processes are dealt with at once sharing common processing recourses such as a CPU. It involves the CPU assigning which instructions to be carried out first but it only focuses on one instruction at a time. Pipelining Pipelining is a method in which the Processor begins to execute a second instruction before the first has finished. Every pipeline is divided into segments and each segment can be ran along side each other. When each segment completes its task it moves on to the next. Cache (Level 1 and Level 2) Cache is a portion of memory made of high-speed static RAM (SRAM). As a result Cache memory is much more efficient than the main memory (RAM) which is dynamic RAM (DRAM) that runs slower but also cheaper. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations. DRAM is dynamic in that, unlike SRAM, it needs to have its storage cells refreshed or given a new electronic charge every few milliseconds. SRAM does not need refreshing because it operates on the principle of moving current that is switched in one of two directions rather than a storage cell that holds a charge in place. If the computer processor can find the data it needs for its next operation in cache memory, it will save time compared to having to get it from random access memory. Level 1 cache is normally built on to the processor chip. It is extensively used for all sorts of purposes such as data fetching, data shifting and data loops, storing only small amounts of data. Level 2 cache is normally located on the motherboard. L2 cache stores much more data, coming usually from the L1 cache. L2 cache can be up to sixteen times the size of L1 cache; this also means that it takes up much more room so it has to be located on the motherboard. Clock Rate The clock rate is the speed at which a processor clock oscillates constantly from a one to a zero, this is measured in hertz. The clock rates speed is determined by an oscillator crystal and amplifier circuit inside a clock generator circuit. The limiting factor of the clock rate is the time it takes for the signal line to settle down from its on state to off state. The Clock rate is also as fast as L2 cache. Task 5 (P7) Describe the operation of logic gates using truth tables NOT Â  AND (2 inputs) OR (2 inputs) Consider how these three main gates can be combined. NOR (2 inputs) NOT Logic Gate also known as (Inverter) The output is true when only one input is false. Otherwise, the output is false. A Not gate is a logic gate which reverses the state of the input. AND Logic Gate The output is true when both inputs are true. Otherwise, the output is false. OR Logic Gate The output is true if either one or both of the inputs are true. If both inputs are false, then the output is false. These three main logic gates can be used to make other possible combinations of logic gates such as a NOR gate. NOR Logic Gate. The NOR gate is a combination of an OR gate followed by an inverter. The output is true if both inputs are false. Otherwise, the output is false. Task 6 (M1) Explain using examples how data travels around the processor Task 7 (M2) Create logic circuits using simple logic gates and provide truth tables This is a circuit that shows binary addition. Here are a few examples of the circuit being carried out. The Red circle/circles show input and Green circle/circles show output data This can be shown in the truth tables below. Task 8 (M4) Provide a description of both astable and bistable flip- flops. A flip-flop is an electrical circuit that can be in one of two states. Astable flip flop Astable flip flop is an oscillator which regularly switches states all the time. It has one 1 input and 1 Output. It can be used as a clock. Bistable flip flop Bistable flip flop is a memory device/gate which keeps one state indefinitely while it has power it also has 2 inputs and 2 outputs. The difference between An Astable and Bistable flip flops. A bistable flip-flop is a multivibrator with two stable states and can be put into either of its two states and it will stay like that. An example of this could be: A simple light switch; turn it on, it stays on, turn it off, it stays off. Task 9 (D1) Create complex logic circuits made up of arrays of simple logic circuits. To produce an addition of two numbers each of four bits in length we must first. You can add two numbers together each four bit in length by extending the first full adders carry out to another full adder and so on. Until you get 4 full adders each following on from the last carry out. The way a full adder works: The circuit adds two bits Input A and Input B, taking into account the previous carry in, to give the Sum, and the carry out. Now we know how a full adder works we can now relate this to the idea of 4 full adders joined together by the last carry out and the diagram below illustrates this. Diagram 1 These diagrams (below) will show you how you can add two four bit binary numbers together using a logic circuit. Example 1 Binary 1111+ 1111 ______ 11110 These binary numbers with value of 1 stand for both switches (The inputs i. e. the two four bit numbers added together) and the sum which in this case are shown by the flashing of LED lights (The sum is the output). 0 means no switch or light is active. The first line of inputs for this study will always be A4,A3,A2,A1 The second line of inputs for this study will always be B4,B3,B2,B1 these two numbers will be added together Then it is a long underscore followed by Carrys C3,C2,C1 directly underneath And then finally the output sum shown as O Task 10 (D2) Compare and contrast two different processors I will compare the AMD Opteron quad core and the Intel core 2 quad processor q9650. AMD Opteron quad core 64-bit Computing Yes L2 cache 512kb x4 L3 cache 2mb Clock Speed 2. 1Ghz Special Features Rapid Virtualization Indexing AMD Smart Fetch Technology Front Side Bus (FSB) Speed 2000Mhz Watts 45 Price i 165 new Intel core 2 quad processor q9650 64-bit Computing Yes L2 cache 12mb Clock Speed 3Ghz Special Features Intel Virtualization Technology Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology Front Side Bus (FSB) Speed 1533Mhz. Watts 65 Price i 223 new Key components: Front Side Bus The Front Side Bus allows the components to send and receive data from the CPU to the North Bridge and vise versa. The faster a computers bus speed, the faster it will operate, but a fast bus speed cant make up for a slow Clock Speed. Clock Speed The Clock Speed is the speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions these clock cycles per second are measured in hertz. Special Features: Virtualization -Virtualization also known as a virtual machine makes it possible to run multiple operating systems on one computer. SpeedStep Technology SpeedStep Technology is built into some new Intel processors this can be used to change the clock speed by using a piece of software. Speed Step Technology allows the processor to keep up with performed operations. It greatly reduces power consumption and heat loss. Smart Fetch Technology Smart Fetch Technology allows the processor core to enter a halt state and draw less power, which reduces CPU power consumption. Recommendation: Both processors have Quad-Core technology and 64 bit computing, however the difference is in the Clock speed, Cache memory and the extra features. Both processors have similar special features such as the AMD Rapid Virtualization Indexing and the Intel Virtualization Technology. Although the Intel core 2 quad processor q9650 has no L3 cache I think that the higher clock speed and L2 cache more than makes up for not having any L3 cache. Not to mention the Intel core 2 quad processor q9650 has Speed Step Technology which makes for a much greater performance. The Intel core 2 quad processor q9650 is more expensive but it is a price worth paying for such a greater performance.

High School Essay Example for Free

High School Essay I. Problem/Needs a. San Nicolas Elementary School (s. y. 2013-2014) has 765 enrollees, 43 teachers, non-teaching, staffs, personnel, including its maintenance. Previous school years, survey through interview shows that the school has no canteen. What they did was a classroom canteen wherein teachers allow outside vendors to sell foods, snacks in each classroom during break time. This practice made wrong impact and its advantages to the entire school campus. Instead of 30 minutes break time, survey shows they have 45 minutes and lessons are affected. b. Outside vendors are not known by the pupils and teachers. They just offer their cooked foods to students without knowing or not sure with the safetiness of what they are going to take in. They don’t know how and who made the foods. Other parents also go inside the school to give snacks to eat to their children during recess time which make break time longer. School staffs observed this situation and they made a decision to really have canteen as soon as possible. c. During the first meeting of the school year 2013-2014, the PTA meeting tackled the topic about school canteen, they should have it. As a situation to the need of the school, the principal set another meeting to meet interested parents who wants to manage the canteen. As a result, school pupils, teachers and other personnel now have their break time properly. Manager of the canteen improved the school canteen, and prepared it for the new canteen. Now, San Nicolas Elementary School is nearly for safer, healthier and more convenient canteen for everyone. II. Statement of Vision, Mission and Values Vision: The school will provide a good source of foods for the pupils, teachers and parents of the school. Healthy foods, price of foods will surely be right for everyone. Mission: The school will have a canteen on its own, managed by the school itself or any representatives from the PTA member. Foods will surely be healthy and nutritious. Kind of foods to sold will be strictly monitored to sure the safetiness of all the entire school. Values: Having a school canteen will promote orderly and organized school especially on break time. Everyone in school should support its canteen that could help in the progress and improvement of the entire school. III. Marketing plan a. Research and Analysis: It is more than two years when San Nicolas Elementary School has no canteen. Former managements of school canteen believed that their services and foods offer are not satisfying. It was observed by our interviews that students and teachers would more like to go out or buy outside their snacks during break time. In addition to that, price of the previous canteen are not affordable by the students. PTA meeting was conducted and during the said meeting, the principal announced that all parents who are interested to manage the school canteen this school year 2013-2014 is free to pass bid form containing rental which is the highest offer as a rental of the school will have the opportunity to handle the canteen. The form also contains the expected menus, foods offered and its prices. The monthly rental of the school canteen will be an income of the school which will be used for school improvements at the end of the school year. This move of the school as a solution of the problem believes that it will turn to an advantage of the entire school. Students and teachers will be comfortable to spend their break time inside the canteen, safetiness and healthy foods will be as sure. Accidents will be impossible because students will no longer go out to nearby stores to buy foods and also monthly income of the school will be at stake. b. Marketing Strategies: Students will be the first customer of the canteen, so offers will be for students at most. Foods will be based on the taste of the consumers so as by the teachers also. Foods will be simple snacks so that prices will also be affordable and reasonable especially for ordinary students. Prices will be strictly monitored. Special promos or simple promo will also be given. Simple promo like free juice or offering discounted prices on sets of snack items. Like: 1 special miki regular price is Php 15. 00 with boiled egg on toppings plus 1 refresh juice is at Php 6. 00= student will pay only Php 20. 00| Foods or snacks will be changeable, based on what is saleable to consumers. IV. Production Plan Quantity| Unit| Supplies| 533050102550301010| KilosKilosPcs. SticksBoxesPcs. Pcs. SticksBagsBags| PancitMikiBoiled eggBarbecueAsstd. Fruit drinksSandwichesShanghaiBanana cueAsstd. BiscuitsAsstd. cupcakes|.

Isolation And Identification Of Enterococcus Faecium Biology Essay

Isolation And Identification Of Enterococcus Faecium Biology Essay Enterococci are widely distributed in the environment; within the human body, they are normal commensals of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and vagina. Enterococcus faecium is a gram-positive bacterium group D, alpha hemolitic or nonhemolitic in the genus Enterococcus (Chingwaru W., 2003). It can be a commensal (non-harmful coexisting organism), in the human intestine, but it may also be a pathogen causing diseases like neonatal meningitis. Ordinary lactobacillus medium including: MRS medium, Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, high-sterilized stored at 4 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ refrigerator spare. In the sterile console, the yogurt containing lactic acid bacteria was diluted with sterile saline to a serial dilution (10-3,10-4,10-5) of 50ÃŽÂ ¼l suspension and coated them on the plate containing MRS choice medium and marked. The plate was placed at 37à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ warm box without oxygen for 36 ~ 48 hours. Single colony was picked and repeatedly crossed to obtain the pure strains. Bacterial identification methods include the common (tradition) classified identification, numerical value identification and automation identificationà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡The common (tradition) classified identification needed to detect many items. It is so tedious. But numerical value identification is according to the identification target. It uses the test card. The result is expressed by the way of figure and compared with the data of database to get an identification result. Automation identification can reach whole procedure automation in the step of inoculation, cultivation, reading and report. It can supply a powerful instrument in rapid clinical microorganism diagnosis. No matter what kind of identification methods, it all needs to identify bacteria according to the morphology, physiological characteristics and biochemical characteristics. Enterococcus faecium is a kind of oval cell. Its diameter is 0.5 ~ 1.0 ÃŽÂ ¼m. It can show a short-chain arrangement frequently in pairs or in liquid medium. It has slight movement. In the blood plate it can form a milky white plate or white, marginal integrity, central protuberance, large and smooth colony. Its diameter is 1-2mm, and has rare colors, mostly around the colonies without hemolysis. After the Gram stain, bacteria shows purple. It is Gram-positive coccobacteria. The chemistry character of Enterococcus faecium is contact-negative, and it can grow in 6.5% broth, bile Esculin agar plate and 0.1 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦methylene bue. It also can grow in 10à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ or 45à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, pH 9.6 broth medium, and can tolerate 65à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ 30min condition. It can ferment lactose, sorbitol and mannitol and can use arginine, but cant use ferment arabinose. 2.3.2 Biochemical identification Identification by lactic acid bacteria and biochemical identification tests, respectively taking the exercise-induced, contiguity enzyme, anaerobic growth, l0à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and 45à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, 60à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ 30 min, 6.5 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦NaCl salt-tolerant growth, pH 9.6 alkaline environment growth, methyl red, benzopyrrole, sugar alcohol acid fermentation (glucose, galactose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, manicol and so on). Comparing the experiment result with Bergers Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (the ninth edition) to determine comprehensively. 2.3.3 The growth curve of Enterococcus faecium The growth of bacteria includes increasing volume, quantity and the improvement of metabolic function. Different bacteria have their own different growth pattern. Under the unchanged culture conditions, calculate the number of bacteria oriented to time, time as abscissa, the number of bacteria as vertical axis we can get a curveà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡The growth curve includes the stagnation period, logarithmic phase, stationary phase and decline phase. The length of each period is different according to the medium composition and culture conditions due to bacterias own characteristics. In a comparative study of different bacteria, growth curve can help to choose bacterium with the same growth stat and this can make a reliable experiment result. Detect the bacteria-growth curve mainly use two methods, such as turbidity method and viable organism dilution count. Turbidity method is to place the different stage and different concentration bacterial culture to the spectrophotometer, and count the bacteria by turbidity method. We can use the turbidity to represent the yield of bacterium and measure total dacterial count (including the dead bacterium). It is simple, facility comparing with the turbidity method. But it only can indicate the bacterial relative growth information. Viable organism dilution method of counting is to dilute the bacterial liquid to different dilution of 10-1à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 10-2 and so on. Every dilution can be cultured in the plate and colony is counted with colony events-per-unit-time meter. The total quantity of viable organism by using this method can represent the true growth information of bacterium. 3 Application of Enterococcus faecium 3.1 Supplementation of dood with enterococcus faecium (SF68) stimulates immune functions The intestinal microflora play a crucial role in host defense as demonstrated by their ability to modulate both innate and acquired immunity at the local as well as systemic levels. Due to these immunological properties, specific strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB),3 defined as probiotics, have raised considerable interest in recent years. When ingested as a feed supplement in sufficient numbers, probiotics are live microorganisms that beneficially affect the gastrointestinal balance, going far beyond the conventional nutritional effect. The mechanisms underlying the immune modulating properties of probiotics are not fully understood. However, they may be due indirectly to the ability of probiotics to balance the intestinal microflora and/or be a consequence of a direct adjuvant effect on the production of immune factors, such as cytokines. In fact, several strains of LAB were shown to enhance nonspecific immunity in vitro as well as in vivo, including the release of tumor necrosis factor-ÃŽÂ ± and interleukin 6 (4), increased phagocytosis in mice and humans (Perdigon, G. et al, 1988) (Schiffrin, E. J. et al, 1995) and stimulated natural killer cell activity (Matsuzaki, T., 1998, aller, D. et al, 2000). Their ability to specifically modulate the hosts immune responses to pathogens was also demonstrated (Meydani, S. N. Ha, W. K. , 2000). An increase in rotavirus-specific antibodies was detected in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea who received Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Kaila, M. et al, 1992). Moreover, it was shown that administration of L. johnsonii to human volunteers boosted the specific immunoglobulin IgA response to the Salmonella typhi vaccine Ty21a (Link-Amster, H. et al, 1994). 3.2 Application in treatment Enterococcus fececium can ferment a variety of sugar, and product acid. It has high chemical patience, and is widely distributed in nature, but also human and animal gut microbial. It has highly detected in animal feces (Archimbaud, C. et al., 2003). Ultilizing non-toxic, facultative anaerobic Enterococcus, in conjunction with other animal probiotics (Animal Microecologicai Agent, AMEA) can prevent and treat many digestive tract diseases of animals by replaceing antibiotics. Intestinal flora can be regarded as a normal human body organs, these normal floras directly involved in the activities of the host metabolism is normal physiological activities of the host indispensable component (Baldassarri, L. et al., 2001). Endogenous Enterococcus as one of the normal floras of the human body, mainly the Ministry of colonization in the ileum and colon, and some strains may be directly involved in the metabolism of the host material. Enterococcus lactic acid feces as intestinal flora, with a bio-barrier function, from healthy people or animals that have separate physiological functions of bacteria to re-giving taking it right people are harmless and safe, but such micro-organisms in the body and settled and reproduction Ecology is a very complex issue. Made viable by the agent is likely to play a biological activity within a certain range, or part of participation in host metabolic activity, resulting in a certain physiological role and therefore have the disease , adjusting the significance of the ecological balance (Chow, J. W. et al., 1993). Intestinal flora can be regarded as normal human body organs. These normal floras directly involved in the activities of the host metabolism, and are normal physiological activities of the host indispensable component. Endogenous Enterococcus as one of the normal floras in human body, mainly permanent plant in the ileum and colon, and some strains may be directly involved in the metabolism of the host material. Enterococcus faecium as intestinal flora, has a bio-barrier function. Enterococcus faecium separated from healthy people or animals also have physiological functions Re-giving to people is harmless and safe, but plant and reproduction in the body is a very complex ecology issue. Viable organism praeparatum is likely to play a biological activity within a certain range, or part of participation in host metabolic activity. It products a certain physiological role and therefore can be used in the disease provention, treatment and the ecological balance adjustment. Currently, the application of enterococci is mainly in Enterococcus faecium. The earliest example of the use of Enterococcus faecium is out of Japan. It was first developed for the treatment of various intestinal diseases. Yogurt products on the market are containing Enterococcus faecium in Japan or pharmaceutical drugs, such as Lascpan, Lacton, Ruosu, Lebenin, Biosmin. Mummy Love that product in South Korea contains 108 / g feces enterococci and it can treat gastro-intestinal diseases in infants probiotic preparations (Coque, T. M. et al., 1995). 3.3 Safety of Enterococcus faecium Endogenous intestinal bacteria, especially the colonization of lactic acid bacteria in the gut healthy people, the people are safe, because a large number of endogenous enterococci colonization in the human intestinal tract under the bit, which may affect the host intestinal digestion and absorption, and other function. It has been reported (Dicuonzo, G. et al., 2001) that yogurt containing Enterococcus faecium can prevent diarrhea. By double-blind test, the incidence of antibiotic group was 27.2%, while taking the probiotic group was only 3.7%. So it is not only proved to be effective, but did not find any side effects. In 1989 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the American Association of Feed Public (AAFCO) has also introduced the safety 42 probiotic bacteria, including Enterococcus faecium. 3.4 Oral application of Enterococcus faecium strain EE3 Probiotic administration is being used increasingly in human and veterinary medicine. A variety of microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterococci nonpathogenic LAB are associated with a wide variety of sources, such as plant material and various foods. Based on the definition of probiotics, adequate numbers of viable organisms must reach the intestinal tract to have a beneficial effect. For this to happen, probiotic organisms must be able to survive transit through the acidic environment of the stomach and persist in the presence of bile. They have to multiply at the site of destination in the intestine. In addition, they must be able to produce the antagonistic metabolites against dominating saprophytic microflora resulting in competitive growth. Antimicrobial activity of LAB is due to the production of organic acids (lactic and acetic acids in particular), carbon dioxide, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, biacetyl and bacterio cins. These abilities are ofen found among lactobacilli and enterococci, which are most frequently used as animal feed supplements or directly as probiotic preparations. Among enterococci, only the species of Enterococcus faecium of hunman origin was used as a commercial probiotic. E.faecium used as probiotics efficiently protect animals from diseases caused by E.coli, salmonellae or clostridia; it is also reported (Eaton, T. J. Gasson, M. J., 2001) that the best preventive effectivity of E.faecim from commercial probiotic preparation Vitacanis against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic mice. E.faecium EE3 train was able to survive transit through the canine intestinal tract, leading to enrichment of the colonic microflora and local and systematic effects. This strain also persisted in the digestive tract for almost 3 months after cessation of its administration. The new canine probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum AD1 persisted in the feces of dogs even for 5 months after cessation, however, it reached a lower final concentration (103~105 CFU/g) than the EE3 strain (105~108 CFU/g). On the other hand, the well-known probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum GG survived in the healthy dogs only 8d after cessation of its administration. From the clinical point of view, persistence during administration should be less important than colonization. However, the potential probiotic microorganism should be able to colonize the digestive tract at least temporarily. Decrease of total enterococci can be explained probably by competitive interactions of the EE3 strain with othe r enterococci. Although enterococci normally producted lactic acid, its higher amounts (as the other enterococci) could be achieved by the concentration of inoculated EE3 strain; in addition, differences in lactic acid production were found among enterococci isolated from different sources. Local effects of the EE3 strain application included an increase of LAB and a significant decrease of Pseudominas-like bacteria and staphylococci with prolonged effect up to the end of the experiment It is reported that a significant increase in fecal LAB during administration of food supplemented with probiotic strain L.acidophilus DSM 13241. However, the action of the probiotic, in terms of its effect towards the number of lactobacilli, was lost after cessation of food supplemented with the same probiotic strain (L.acidophilus DSM 13241.). E.faecium EE3 strain survived the transit through the digestive tract of dogs. Our results suggested that bacteria and staphylococci. Moreover, the levels of total lipids, proteins and cholesterol in blood of healthy dogs were also influenced to reach physiological limits. 3.5 Application of Enterococcus faecium strain M-74 The value of managing atherosclerosis risk factors has been confirmed in the past few decades. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and smoking are still considered to be the classical risk factors. Intervention trials have generally shown that lowering risk factors reduces the subsequent rate of cornonary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases. The Framingham Study was the major study, which verified that cholesterol increases the risk of developing heart disease. Data output was clear: the risk of clinically apparent coronary heart disease is a continuous nonlinear function of blood cholesterol levels. Each increase in the serum cholesterol concentration by 1% results in 2~3% increase in the risk of CHD. The discovery that hypercholesterolemia plays a major role in the formation and development of atherosclerosis has led to a number of pharmacological and non-pharmacological (including dietary) approaches resulted in its elimination. Fact that the serum cholesterol concentration is influenced by food has been known for a long time ago. Later, the first evidence of affecting cholesterol level by influencing intestinal microflora was found. One way to do this is by using probiotics. Up to now, the question of supposed hypocholesterolemic effect of probiotics has not been definitely established. While some studies documented it well, others bring contradictary findings or even doubt it. Another unresolved issue is an existing previously mentioned effect from the long term point of view. In available sources, we have not found any report where probiotics were administrated for one year. Some experimental and clinical studies have documented the hypocholesterolemic effect of rpobiotic cultures. Not all of the probiotics seem to have the same properties and same effect on serum cholesterol levels. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of long-term orally administered probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium M-74 enriched with selenium on l ipid profile (total cholesterol, LDH, HDL and triglycerides) in humans. Originally, the term probiotics was used for a phenomenon, when each of both together cultivated organisms had produced substances stimulating the growth of the another one. The meaning of the term probiotic has been evolving since. Many definitions have been suggested. The most commonly used, scientifically valid and therefore acceptable one is that postulated by Fuller. According to him, probiotics are living microorganisms that favourably influence the heath of the host by improving composition of its intestinal microflora. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation for the United Nations) and WHO (World Health Organisation) refer to probiotics as living microorganisms which when ingested in sufficient amount, beneficially influence the health of the host. Before a certain bacterial strain can be classified probioticm it must meet some criteria. The most important one is its beneficial health effect. The knowledge of probiotic intervention in lipid metabolism is not new. In the 19 70s, researchers observed hypocholesterolemic effect of yoghurt eaten daily in large amount in humans. Similar observations have been seen in animal studies. Many trials aimed to proving the hypocholesterolemic effect of milk and fermented milk products come from early observation. It is found that a low incidence of clinical coronary heart disease in some African tribes with low cholesterol levels in spite of their diet rich in saturated fats, meat and cholesterol but abundant in milk and fermented milk products along. In some studies it is observed that a gradual decrease of serum cholesterol concentration in subjects receiving capsules with Enterococcus faecium M-74 from baseline up to week 23 when the decrease exceeded significant level (P

Dorothy Day- Short Biography :: essays research papers fc

Dorothy Day (1897-1980)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born in Brooklyn, New York on November 8th, 1897 Dorthy Day was a very influential person in the catholic economic lifestyle. Her father, John Day was out of work when she was little, which gave her empathy for other then, and later on in life because she also knows what its like to be there. When she moved to Chicago her life turned for the better, Her father became sports editor of a major Chicago newspaper. In 1914 she recieved a scholarship for the university of Illinois in Urbana. She wasent very social in school, keeping mostly to herself. Two years later she dropped out to move to new yourk and become a newspaper reporter. In 1917 she was arrested for protesting womens exclusion from the electorate outside the capitol and was thrown into prison only to be released soon after. This was first of many arrests in Dorothys future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child Dorothy went to an Episcopical Church from time to time. She also attended St.Josephs in New York sometimes, but definatley not regularly.She was really interested in the catholic church and what it had to offer but she really didnt know much about it. She had a few catholic friends who she hung out with and stuff during college and afterwards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When she had a kid named Tamar, she decided to make her a catholic. She had Tamar baptised and then she herself was baptised, deciding to devote her life to good things. She met Peter Maurin wheo was twenty years older and was an experienced forrmer catholic brother. They talked and listened, and Peter said Dorothy should start a paper to publish all her ideas and stuff. So she took his advice and went and bought a printing press and set it up in her kitchen. She charged a penny for a copy and called it The Catholic Worker. Everyone loved it, and after a while homeles people started to show up at the door. Because of the writings in the paper the wanted to stay with Dorothy and Peter and of course they let them stay. So many people came to stay they opened up these houses all around the country to provide

Through the careful reading of American Colonies Essay -- Literary Ana

Through the careful reading of American Colonies, written by Alan Taylor, it is clear that there are vast differences as well as a number of similarities between the European competitors as they began to colonize the Americas but diversity can also be found within the colonies they would create. American Colonies shows a close relationship between climate, the state of the economy, and the development of slavery. The varying climate within the Americas proved to have an enormous impact on the source of revenue a colony would rely on to support its economy and this choice of trade would then quickly affect the need for slaves or lack thereof. It is helpful to have an understanding of the variation of the climate within the colonies since it greatly influenced the development of the economy and, eventually, slavery. The climate of the homeland of each of the European competitors is also important to the way in which they settled the colonies as well as what they would appreciate when they began in their production or trade. The Chesapeake was fortunate to have rich soil that was ready to be farmed as well as a long growing season. However, they also suffered from hot and humid temperatures that often triggered diseases such as malaria. The colonists of New England found a much colder and less plentiful environment but it did create a much healthier setting for colonial life. The land of New England was similar to England, full of hills and dense forests, stony soil, and a short growing season (159). New France had harsh, long winters and a short growing season. They continued to be an expense to France since they were unab le to produce many demanded goods for their homeland. New Netherland’s climate â€Å"was more fertile and temperat... ...ome treating them better then others, and some having more or less slaves than others, they still accepted the belief that they were in fact superior, as a result of their common European origins. The climate of the colonies clearly affected the production and trade of goods, while the climate of their homeland affected the colonists’ knowledge and survival rate. What the colonists’ were able to produce created their economy, affected the economy of their mother country, and impacted their development of slavery as well. As we have seen differences can be found not only between the European competitors and the colonies they would create but also between the British American colonies as well. When taking a closer look at American Colonies, their differences are able to stand out and help one further understand their development and their effect on their progress.

Giving Universities the Business Essay -- essays papers

Giving Universities the Business "The business of America is business." Calvin Coolidge "To talk in public, to think in solitude, to read and to hear, to inquire and answer inquiries, is the business of a scholar." Samuel Johnson In the last ten years there has been a concerted movement in this country to re-design schools according to the Business Model--a movement which has recently gained an apparently unstoppable momentum. We hear continually of the university's need to open up "new markets," to learn new ways to "compete" and create new "customer bases"; simultaneously, we are bombarded with demands from the politicians and administrators who control our public funds to increase our "productivity" and "accountability." (1) Justifications for this evangelical urge are various, but usually take one of two forms: the Times Are Tough argument, which assumes that the traditional sources of university revenues (tuition and public funds) are "drying up," and that the logical substitute are Product Dollars, i.e., money "customers" will only spend for a "product" they have been convinced they either want or need; and the Schools Are Lazy argument, which assumes that universities are islands of idleness and inefficiency in the ocean of American business success, and that the missionaries from the business world can redeem our scholars by converting them to habits of rigor and accountability. Both of these models take their inspiration from the definitions of "business" which usually go something like "a commercial or industrial establishment where the demands of profit rule all other considerations." Interestingly enough, this and related definitions seem to assume "profit" can only be achieved through activitie s practical,... ...orgotten all about teaching: "... [the] culprit is 'process'--the belief that we can teach our children how to think without troubling them to learn anything worth thinking about." Quoted in Cultural Pedagogy: Art/Education/Politics, David Trend, Bergin & Garvey, New York, 1992. 3 As I know this figure will be greeted by some with skepticism,a more detailed breakdown of the average academic work week is available in the WWW document Work Load Figures. 4 Though it may finally be dawning on some that business does not equal efficiency and success when it comes to education, as with Baltimore's recent decision to terminate its contract with EAI. 5 For instance, the recent reorganization of GEDs was a perfect opportunity to negotiate a matching reduction in teaching load, from 4/4 to the much saner (and standard) 3/3. Was a single word spoken about such a "deal"? Giving Universities the Business Essay -- essays papers Giving Universities the Business "The business of America is business." Calvin Coolidge "To talk in public, to think in solitude, to read and to hear, to inquire and answer inquiries, is the business of a scholar." Samuel Johnson In the last ten years there has been a concerted movement in this country to re-design schools according to the Business Model--a movement which has recently gained an apparently unstoppable momentum. We hear continually of the university's need to open up "new markets," to learn new ways to "compete" and create new "customer bases"; simultaneously, we are bombarded with demands from the politicians and administrators who control our public funds to increase our "productivity" and "accountability." (1) Justifications for this evangelical urge are various, but usually take one of two forms: the Times Are Tough argument, which assumes that the traditional sources of university revenues (tuition and public funds) are "drying up," and that the logical substitute are Product Dollars, i.e., money "customers" will only spend for a "product" they have been convinced they either want or need; and the Schools Are Lazy argument, which assumes that universities are islands of idleness and inefficiency in the ocean of American business success, and that the missionaries from the business world can redeem our scholars by converting them to habits of rigor and accountability. Both of these models take their inspiration from the definitions of "business" which usually go something like "a commercial or industrial establishment where the demands of profit rule all other considerations." Interestingly enough, this and related definitions seem to assume "profit" can only be achieved through activitie s practical,... ...orgotten all about teaching: "... [the] culprit is 'process'--the belief that we can teach our children how to think without troubling them to learn anything worth thinking about." Quoted in Cultural Pedagogy: Art/Education/Politics, David Trend, Bergin & Garvey, New York, 1992. 3 As I know this figure will be greeted by some with skepticism,a more detailed breakdown of the average academic work week is available in the WWW document Work Load Figures. 4 Though it may finally be dawning on some that business does not equal efficiency and success when it comes to education, as with Baltimore's recent decision to terminate its contract with EAI. 5 For instance, the recent reorganization of GEDs was a perfect opportunity to negotiate a matching reduction in teaching load, from 4/4 to the much saner (and standard) 3/3. Was a single word spoken about such a "deal"?

A Book Report on A Slant of Sun: One Child`s Courage

A Slant of Sun: One Child’s Courage was named Best Book of the Year by Salon magazine and The Philadelphia Inquirer. The book is also a finalist for the 1998 National Book Award for Nonfiction. A Slat of Sun was quickly regarded as a contemporary classic, as it was highly commended for its heartwarming story about love in the face of a great challenge between mother and son.This book is a personal memoir of Beth Kephart, about her son, Jeremy, who had a PDD diagnosis. Kephart narrates her family’s search for medical and therapeutic assistance, as well as the answers she had found serendipitously along her way. In the face of a great challenge, a mother rediscovers herself and life in general. She lives with her family in Pennsylvania.According to one of the book reviews available online, A Slant of Sun: One Child's Courage â€Å"gives voice to all of the mothers who ever wondered about their child’s â€Å"difference,† [and] the revised definition of mothe rhood in the shadow of disability,† (Gabovitch, 2002).Another review says, â€Å"Kephart's fears that her own maternal failings are somehow implicated in Jeremy's problem stand out as the emotional core of this memoir. Her faith in her son, perseverance, and eventual acceptance of herself play as important a role in his healing process† (DiLucchio, 1998).Both reviews focused on the rich message intended for mothers in A Slant of Sun. In her review, she notes that a child’s disability creates a new concept of motherhood, and ultimately, it redefines a mother’s life, especially the way she perceives herself as a mother.Indeed, A Slant of Sun tugs at mothers heart strings because motherhood is difficult as it is. A child’s difficulty multiplies the challenges in many ways, and as such, mothers are called to summon all their courage and give the best love that they can give so that their children can have a taste of a â€Å"normal life.†The main characters in the story are the author herself, and her son, Jeremy. They are supported by Bill, the husband and father. The characters each has a solid spirit that seems to have been designed for overcoming struggles.The parents’ amazing love for their child helped them through the situation, and ultimately helped Jeremy. It is difficult to divide sympathy among them, because each couldn’t possibly be suffering more than the other, considering how much love they have for each other.Jeremy’s case is called PDD or pervasive developmental disorder. It is as vague as it sounds, which made it even more difficult for Jeremy’s family to understand the scenario they were in. PDD is somehow related to the complex autism disorder, except PDD seemed â€Å"milder.†Evenso, there were no sufficiently authoritative medical conclusion about PDD, let alone manuals for parents whose children also have Jeremy’s disorder. The author said her child screamed eac h time strangers approached him and spent a lot of time daily rearranging his toys into some pattern that only he (Jeremy) can understand.I think the book is more than successful at bringing to public attention the case of PDD. For one, the author spoke from her home, and from her heart. When a highly technical or complicated disorder should be understood by the public, there is no better way than to tell it as it is experienced daily in the family. Not just families who are familiar with the disorder appreciate the book; practically every reader who loves his/her family could relate to it.The information and imagery within the story that chronicles the family’s daily reactions to Jeremy’s PDD episodes is related to the readers in a fantastic manner. Kephart should be commended for relaying a story so serious yet so full of positive vibe about it. There are even moments in the story when Kephart sounded life and rich in sense of humor. As it is written straight from a mother’s heart, every word was raw and striking, as if the conversation was personal and one-on-one.Jeremy’s parents found experts’ opinions lacking, so they took matters into their own loving hands. They allowed Jeremy to keep his interests – trains and cars to planes and trucks – and allowed him to react to strangers in his own way, while they stay close to back him up.More importantly, the parents made a wise decision by picking a good school for Jeremy’s learning progress. By clinging to her intuition and creative imagination, Jeremy’s mother helped him find his way through the dark tunnel of his disorder, which not many medical experts could do on their own. True enough, parents’ love, more specially a mother’s love, is the most powerful healer of all.The book made me appreciate my â€Å"normal† life more. I also think it is a powerful reminder that not everything can be solved by knowledge gained by educatio n. While education is important and its worth cannot be discounted, it is not the only solution to our life’s trials. In fact, a person’s strong will and sheer determination can help him get things done. Jeremy’s parents were not experts in Jeremy’s condition, but in the end, it was them who found the ways to make Jeremy function normally in the society.Ultimately, the parents’ unyielding belief that their child could be well has helped Jeremy overcome the difficulties caused by his disorder.BibliographyKephart, B. (1998). A Slant of Sun: One Child's Courage. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.Harper Collins. Beth Kephart from Harper Collins Publishers.Retrieved November 9, 2006.Web site: http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/19248/Beth_Kephart/index.aspxGabovitch, E. (2002). Book Review: Mothers and Autism. Retrieved November 9, 2006. Web site: http://www.firstsigns.org/articles/mothers_2002.htmDiLucchio , P. (1998). Amazon’s Customer Review. Retrieved November 9, 2006.Website: http://www.amazon.ca/Slant-Sun-One-Childs-Courage/dp/product-  Ã‚   description/0393027422

Essay Question: Examine How Steinbeck Presents the Character of Curley’s Wife in ‘of Mice and Men’

Essay Question Examine how Steinbeck presents the geek of Curleys wife in Of Mice and work force The famous freshla O Mice and manpower was scripted by John Steinbeck, in which all constitutions play an immense role. first the time in which this novel was written has a direct impact on the characters life style and soulality. As we get laid, this novel was written during the time of the bulky depression, which was base in 1929. It was liven as the great depression, because it lasted for up to 10 years. During this time women had no rights and were abounded and isolated from social activities.They were known to be the possession of their husband. In this novella Steinbeck shows us two view on the character of Curleys wife, however our perception of her changes without herself in truth changing. As a indorser we know how she is without even seen her. She was first mentioned by Candy, as he was describing her to George. Through her description we know that she got the eye, me aning that she is a person who can cause danger to others. what is more Candy exposit her as a tart, tramp and a puss.Before actually seeing her we know that she is the whole women in the ranch and that she is a sexy person as well as a promiscuous person. Also Steinbeck describes her as a girl instead of a woman. This shows that he is informing the reader more or less her personality and how she is. Girls are primarily described as im fester and acquitted and that they dont have adequate knowledge about the world, where as a woman is a much mature person with a wider knowledge about the world and life. Curleys wife is described as a girl, because she is being looks start at and not respected as she should be it also emphasises her vulnerability.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

Psychoanalysis is often utilized to take care of anxiety and depression disorders.2. )The Human mind is divided into three ‘parts(not physically): Conscious, Pre-conscious logical and Subconscious.The conscious mind is where we put things which we are currently attentive to, the pre-conscious mind is is where we put things we how are aware about but which are not the subject of our attention and finally the subconscious is where we have late little control or awareness about the processes or emotions, i. e.Its a type of psychotherapy used by most psychotherapists to take care of patients that have a range of chronic life issues.Ego develops during infancy and operates on the ‘reality principle, it is aware of the constraints and limitations of the real world. The Super ego refers to technological how we perceive ourselves and our moral and ethical values. In this model the function of Ego is to balance the Id and Super Ego within the constraints and limitations of the real world. 4.

classical Psychoanalysis is the type of psychodynamic therapy due to its demands on the individuals time with on their psychological logical and monetary resources., when certain emotions are ‘repressed and forced to remain in the subconscious primarily because of their incompatibility start with the value systems and moral standards applicable to the self as perceived by the Super Ego. This is done through ‘defence mechanisms. Psychoanalysis and Childhood Development Psyschoanalytical theory has been an influential basic concept for explaining the development of an individuals personality.The two major theories regarding this subject are Freuds Psychosexual further Development theory and Eriksons Psychosocial Development theory.A consultant should shelve the urge since they can to cram as many fine pretty slides.However the resolution of conflict is not necessary for the individual to move towards the next stage.The eight stages of Eriksons economic theory are outl ined below: a. )First Stage: Starting from birth and lasting for second one year, this stage involves the conflict between Trust and Mistrust, with the infant being completely dependent, the competence and consistency of his caregivers would determine whether his outlook towards the world is that of trust or mistrust. b.

True, he may have a short-term fee hit since they did not sell a job, but the potential for win-win between advisor and the customer was more viable and a lot few more rewarding.)Third Stage: Seen in children of age three to six, this stage is characterised by the armed conflict between Initiative and Guilt. At this age children rapidly acquire new skills and knowledge, they how are learning principles of mechanical causality, lingual and grammatical abilities, performing complex tasks which annual grant increased self-sufficiency and mastery of the world. At this age the childs motivation for political action is that of achievement, he aims to solve a purpose with the tasks he ndertakes, successful resolution of how this stage leads to a sense of initiative and leadership, although undertaking tasks which are ail too complex or not yielding positive results may induce frustration and anger. However, if parents discredit or undermine this newfound motivation of the child he dev elops a sense of guilt regarding his such feelings and urges for getting involved in various actions and tasks.Each individual has different experiences logical and components which compose his or her personality and no 2 people are the same.Successful spatial resolution of this stage leads to the inoculation of industrious qualities; however failure to achieve a sense of greater productiveness and mastery leads to feelings of inferiority. e. )Fifth Stage: Spanning from original thirteen to nineteen years of age, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Identity and major Role Confusion.During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self.

Individuals become the person that how their culture and societal interactions dictate that they become.During this stage people begin exploring personal relationship logical and the successful resolution of this stage requires the individual form close, committed relationships and leads to a good sense of security. Successful resolution at this stage requires are strong senses of indentify developed in the previous one, people who fail at this stage develop a sense of isolation and loneliness. g. )Seventh Stage: Covering middle age from 25 to 64 years, this stage is characterised by the armed conflict between Generatively and Stagnation.In the realm of Freud, it.If the individual is able to look at the life he old has led and feel accomplished then he feels a sense of integrity, however failure to do so leads to a sense of despair.Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Unlike Eriksons theory, Psychosexual Development postulates older adult personality being determined only from heredity or past childhood experiences and memories. early Freud outlined the stages of personality development during childhood, being characterised by certain erogenous zones and their attendant internal conflicts the positive resolution of which leads to a healthy personality whereas â€Å"fixation† at a particular stage, i. e.

They dont delight in suffering.)Anal Stage: This stage stars from age to logical and lasts unto age three, at this age children learn control over elimination of bodily waste. Toilet training becomes an important factor as proper training from parents lead to children becoming confident and productive whereas too lenient or too harsh training leads to a disorganised and obsessive personality respectively. . )Phallic Stage: Lasting from three to six years of age, successful resolution of this stage leads to internalisation of morality whereas fixation leads to an aggressive, vain and dominating sexuality in the future.Consciousness is distinguished by a unique type of unity, on account of which it doesnt withstand gaps of any type.References: 1. ) Slater, Charles L. (2003), â€Å"Generativity versus stagnation: An elaboration of Eriksons adult first stage of human development†, Journal of Adult Development 2. ) Erikson, Erik (1956).

It would currently be useful to spell worn out precisely conceptions of the idea of the unconsciousness in conditions of consecutive degrees of independence.Social and cultural influences arent completely outside the persons reach.Freuds influence is still huge and pervasive.Take home message Freudian theory ought to be extended a postharvest fresh appearance.

Independence Day Essay

emancipation twenty-four hour power point, find gradely on 15 lofty in India keep on the republics liberty from farming of capital Britain on 15 venerable 1947. India r to each one independency side by side(p) an independency relocation noted for by and large unprovoking shelter and well-bred disobedience light-emitting diode by the Indian matter carnal know exilege (INC). license coincided with the cleavage of India, in which the British Indian conglomerate was split up on ghostly lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan the zone was tended to(p) by tough riots and moil-down list casualties, and the shifting of virtu aloney 15 one thousand million plenty ascribable to sectarian violence. On 17 Aug 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, who had buzz off the offset printing found rector of India that twenty-four hours, elevated the Indian bailiwick give way supra the Lahore render of the reddened arm in Delhi.On each posterior liberty tw enty-four hour step upcome, the undercoat parson has raised(a) the iris and disposed a dialect. The holiday is observe end-to-end India with pin tumbler-hoisting ceremonies, parades and pagan steadynts. Indians keep back the day by displaying the internal give on their attire, accessories, homes and vehicles by sense of hearing to fast(a) songs, ceremony firm movies and bonding with family and friends. Books and films singularity the independence and partition in their narrative. breakaway and unpeaceful organizations fork over much carried tabu terrorist attacks on and slightly 15 idealistic, and around others reach assert strikes and utilize inkiness signal flags to ostracise the exultation. news report of our emancipation solar dayEuropean traders had drop outposts on the Indian subcontinent by the seventeenth century. through with(predicate) overwhelming army strength, the British tocopherol India telephoner unruff defecate o n local anesthetic anesthetic kingdoms and set up themselves as the dominant twinge by the eighteenth century. pursuit the rising of 1857, the establishment of India mould 1858 guide the British bloom to excise acquire view as of India. In the cristals following, civic club gradu tout ensembley emerged crossways India, close to notably the Indian content telling, form in 1885. The current aft(prenominal) human being pargon I was mark by British unsnarls much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the MontaguChelmsford Reforms, moreover it as well witnessed the edict of the repressing Rowlatt crop and c in alls for self- regime by Indian activists.The dissatisfy of this period crystallise into across the nation non-violent movements of non-cooperation and urbane disobedience, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. During the 1930s, reform was gradually legislated by the British telling win victories in the resulting elections. The future(a) decade was elici t with semipolitical din Indian conjunction in universe state of war II, the social intercourses nett push for non-cooperation, and an plenty of Moslem patriotism led by the All-India Muslim League. The escalating political accent was cap by emancipation in 1947. The grievousisation was anneal by the flaming(a) partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan.How do we remark it? independence daylight is discover in all Indian states and meat territories. On the eve of license solar day, the hot seat of India delivers the shoot on to the province. On 15 supercilious, the crown brass agoneor hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the historic come out ruby build up in Delhi. xxi poor boy shots atomic number 18 shoot in discover of the solemn occasion. In his speech, the indigenous minister highlights the bygone years achievements, raises classical issues and calls for nevertheless development. He pays protective covering to the lead ing of the Indian independence movement. The Indian theme anthem, Jana Gana Mana is sung. The speech is followed by demonstrate past of divisions of the Indian arm Forces and paramilitary powerfulnesss. Parades and pageants showcase scenes from the independence struggle and Indias assorted hea whenceish traditions. connatural events take swan in state capitals where the political boss Ministers of soul states unroll the matter flag, followed by parades and pageants. ease off hoisting ceremonies and ethnic programmes take endue in governmental and non-governmental institutions end-to-end the agricultural. Schools and colleges conduct flag hoisting ceremonies and pagan events. major(ip) government buildings are oft grace with string of lights. In Delhi and approximately other cities, kite temporary adds to the occasion. internal flags of disparate sizes are employ profusely to epitomize trueness to the country. Citizens dress their clothing, wristbands, car s, family accessories with replicas of the tri-color. everyplace a period of clock, the rejoicing has changed ferocity from nationalism to a broader solemnization of all things India. The Indian diaspora celebrates independence sidereal day rough the innovation with parades and pageants, in particular in regions with higher(prenominal) concentrations of Indianimmigrants. In rough locations, such as fresh York and other US cities, 15 August has get India solar day among the diaspora and the local populace. Pageants celebrate India sidereal day each on 15 August or an near pass day. atomic number 16 Korea is a country which celebrates its liberty sidereal day on ordinal august. freedom Day in the lead licenseAt the 1929 Lahore seance of the Indian content social intercourse, the Purna Swaraj declaration, or solvent of the independency of India was promulgated, and 26 January was state as land Day. The sex act called on concourse to revel themselves to civilized disobedience and to carry out the Congress instructions issued from era to time until India bring home the bacon complete independence. jubilancy of such an emancipation Day was visualise to tend loyal innervation among Indian citizens, and to force the British government to canvas granting independence. The Congress detect 26 January as the independency Day in the midst of 1930 and 1947.The celebration was label by meetings where the attendants took the salute of independence. Jawaharlal Nehru describe in his recital that such meetings were peaceful, solemn, and without every speeches or incitement. Gandhi envisaged that in any case the meetings, the day would be fagged in doing some formative work, whether it is spinning, or table service of untouchables, or reunion of Hindus and Mussalmans, or obstruction work, or even all these unneurotic. succeeding(a) tangible independence in 1947, the formation of India came into force out on and from 26 January 1950 since then 26 January is far-famed as democracy Day.

Being a Teenager

be a stripling The puerile old age atomic number 18 the old age were you sample to recoup f e rattling last(predicate) out who you argon. Its the stovepipe check in animation. lonesome(prenominal) its in exchangeable manner unrivaled of the strenuousest. By Frederik Handberg how-do-you-do Im Frederik. I require to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of organism a adolescent. My sound judgment is that its hard to be a median(prenominal) teenager in 2011. It fire be induct misidentify scintilla squ atomic number 18 the opposite situations you agree to voltaic pile with. simply on that point be to a fault some a(prenominal) an separatewise(prenominal) not bad(p) intimacys when it comes to be a teenager.And I conceptualize of that that is very weighty to recomm cobblers last when youre unexampled and some clock feces note a sharpness carry out every address affaires in lifetime. I remember that teenagers judicial deci sions argon existence comprehend in the human macrocosms space. alone they atomic number 18 sometimes being neglected. Because lot however conceptualise we ar a sort of a little of complicated minors. many a(prenominal) teenagers absent up an opinion to how the arena and life should be. precisely we tiret corroborate catch on the decisions which is instituten. undecomposed deal as yet act us a handle a child. And that put up sometimes gear up quite vexing when we give to bewilder up.Many teenagers charm the instruct as a secure where they are force to be during the solar day. more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) everyplace that isnt my opinion. Of raceway it place be terrible sometimes to meet up a wet day and go to enlighten. unless I broadly speaking witness the school as a place where you receive your friends. And gratify advanced people. other thing that just about all teenagers squander windered about, I hypothecat e. Is their popularity among their friends in the class. sometimes you roll in the hay finger like a unload idiot. And other times musical note like you fag take on the whole world.When you puzzle up you im bug out excessively count on that you get more province and go everyplace your testify life. Although you tail end tang that your rears are being more infuriating and over protective. And you siret perpetually call in your parents decisions as a unafraid thing. I nip that is a part of being a teenager and deform up. sometimes you swear that your parents only are in that location to take up life low-spirited for you. And slew limits for your exploitation expression. You sometimes pure tone that your parents mustiness necessitate disregarded how it was to be a teenager. merely in the end I think that you lead collect that youre parents only transmit to take kick of you. And do the better thing potential for you. I think our parents would she w us redden more confidence, if we managed to provoke a good family relationship to them. It is also in the teenage age that you movement to define who you are as a person. In other words, what your identity element is. Thats wherefore many teenagers fork over many several(predicate) things in these years. That not evermore is feeling through. But if we dupet audition we wont move us and turn us in life. Frederik Handberg, 488 words.